A freshwater Chlorella sp. was cultured at temperatures from 10 to 45 °C and synergistic stress was employed by using selective and complete nutrient depleted growth media. Temperature fluctuations were found to have a significant effect on the microalgae physiology. The optimum temperature of 35 °C shows suitability for growth in a sub-tropical climate. The fatty acid methyl esters’ (FAMEs') composition was significantly altered when cultures were incubated under various pre-determined stress conditions. The effect of dual stress was found to have the greatest increase in the lipid yield, averaging 55% (w/w). The majority of the identified FAMEs (C₁₆ and C₁₈) showed the potential for quality biodiesel and aviation fuel due to the characteristics of FAME. This study is relevant for commercial-scale biodiesel production and the technologies developed would improve the economic feasibility and potential of microalgal biomass feedstock for biodiesel production by transesterification. There is also high potential for low-carbon jet fuel by thermal cracking or pyrolysis and fractionation of crude-bio-oil from Chlorella sp. These processes will convert carbon chains or FAMES in the C₁₄ to C₁₆ range, which is appropriate for low-carbon jet fuel. It is therefore possible to generate biodiesel and aviation fuel from Chlorella sp. cultivated in freshwater at achievable temperatures in a sub-tropical environment under total nutrient deprivation, aiming to stimulate a bio-oil increase. © 2021 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

中文翻译：

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用于低碳燃料生产的微藻中性脂质的温度和营养耦合胁迫

一种淡水小球藻。在 10 到 45 °C 的温度下培养，并通过使用选择性和完全耗尽营养的生长培养基采用协同胁迫。发现温度波动对微藻生理有显着影响。35°C的最适温度表明适合在亚热带气候下生长。当在各种预先确定的压力条件下培养培养物时，脂肪酸甲酯 (FAME) 的组成发生了显着变化。发现双重压力的影响使脂质产量增加最大，平均为 55% (w/w)。大多数已确定的 FAME（C ₁₆和 C ₁₈) 由于 FAME 的特性，显示出优质生物柴油和航空燃料的潜力。这项研究与商业规模的生物柴油生产相关，所开发的技术将提高微藻生物质原料通过酯交换生产生物柴油的经济可行性和潜力。通过热裂解或热解和分馏来自小球藻的原油生物油，低碳喷气燃料也有很大的潜力。这些过程将转化 C ₁₄至 C ₁₆范围内的碳链或 FAMES ，这适用于低碳喷气燃料。因此，可以从小球藻中生产生物柴油和航空燃料sp. 在完全缺乏营养的亚热带环境中以可达到的温度在淡水中种植，旨在刺激生物油的增加。© 2021 工业化学学会和 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.