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Bioavailability and toxicity of nanoscale/bulk rare earth oxides in soil: physiological and ultrastructural alterations in Eisenia fetida
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-5-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d1en00116g Muhammad Adeel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Noman Shakoor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Muhammad Arslan Ahmad 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Jason C. White 10, 11, 12 , Ghulam Jilani 13, 14, 15, 16 , Yukui Rui 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-5-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d1en00116g Muhammad Adeel 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Noman Shakoor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 , Muhammad Arslan Ahmad 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 , Jason C. White 10, 11, 12 , Ghulam Jilani 13, 14, 15, 16 , Yukui Rui 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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The accumulation of rare earth oxides (REOs) in soils is linked with application of nanoscale phosphatic fertilizers, but their effects on earthworm species are poorly understood. We investigated the impacts of nanoscale and bulk-REOs of lanthanum and ytterbium (La2O3, Yb2O3) at low (25, 50 mg kg−1), intermediate (100, 200 mg kg−1) and high (500, 1000 mg kg−1) concentrations on soil quality and earthworm health. The bioaccumulation of nanoscale and bulk Yb2O3 was 12–28% greater than La2O3 and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. At 100 mg kg−1, nanoscale and bulk La2O3 and Yb2O3 induced earthworm mortality by 33–35% and 13–15%, and reduced reproduction by 10–32% and 10–12%, respectively. Ultrastructural observations reveal that nanoscale and bulk REO at 500–1000 mg kg−1 induced abnormalities in internal organelles, including mitochondria, Golgi apparatus and chloragosomes. Nanoscale REOs significantly reduced earthworm digestive and cast enzymes by 20–80% at medium and high concentrations as compared to bulk materials. Earthworms reduced REO toxicity in the soil by minimizing exposure to microbial biomass carbon and soil enzymes. The data show that REOs beyond 50–100 mg kg−1 adversely impact soil microbiota; these findings provide important understanding of the fate and effects of REOs in agricultural systems.
中文翻译：
纳米/散装稀土氧化物在土壤中的生物利用度和毒性：赤子艾叶的生理和超微结构变化
稀土氧化物（REOs）在土壤中的积累与纳米磷肥的应用有关，但人们对它们对earth物种的影响知之甚少。我们研究了镧和y（La 2 O 3，Yb 2 O 3）在低（25、50 mg kg -1），中（100、200 mg kg -1）和高（镧，bulk）的纳米尺度和整体稀土氧化物的影响500，1000 mg kg -1）浓度对土壤质量和earth的健康。纳米级和块状Yb 2 O 3的生物蓄积量比La 2 O 3大12–28％，并且呈剂量依赖性。剂量为100毫克/千克-1，纳米级和大量La 2 O 3和Yb 2 O 3导致worm死亡率分别降低33–35％和13–15％，繁殖减少10–32％和10–12％。超微结构观察表明，500-1000 mg kg -1的纳米级和大量REO会引起内部细胞器的异常，包括线粒体，高尔基体和绿藻体。与散装材料相比，在中高浓度下，纳米级REO可将reduced的消化和铸造酶显着降低20-80％。by通过最大程度减少对微生物生物量碳和土壤酶的暴露来降低土壤中的REO毒性。数据表明，REO超过50–100 mg kg -1对土壤微生物群产生不利影响；这些发现提供了对REO在农业系统中的命运和影响的重要理解。
更新日期：2021-05-18
中文翻译：
纳米/散装稀土氧化物在土壤中的生物利用度和毒性：赤子艾叶的生理和超微结构变化
稀土氧化物（REOs）在土壤中的积累与纳米磷肥的应用有关，但人们对它们对earth物种的影响知之甚少。我们研究了镧和y（La 2 O 3，Yb 2 O 3）在低（25、50 mg kg -1），中（100、200 mg kg -1）和高（镧，bulk）的纳米尺度和整体稀土氧化物的影响500，1000 mg kg -1）浓度对土壤质量和earth的健康。纳米级和块状Yb 2 O 3的生物蓄积量比La 2 O 3大12–28％，并且呈剂量依赖性。剂量为100毫克/千克-1，纳米级和大量La 2 O 3和Yb 2 O 3导致worm死亡率分别降低33–35％和13–15％，繁殖减少10–32％和10–12％。超微结构观察表明，500-1000 mg kg -1的纳米级和大量REO会引起内部细胞器的异常，包括线粒体，高尔基体和绿藻体。与散装材料相比，在中高浓度下，纳米级REO可将reduced的消化和铸造酶显着降低20-80％。by通过最大程度减少对微生物生物量碳和土壤酶的暴露来降低土壤中的REO毒性。数据表明，REO超过50–100 mg kg -1对土壤微生物群产生不利影响；这些发现提供了对REO在农业系统中的命运和影响的重要理解。
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