The effect of the olive pomace flour (OPF) addition on the mechanical, water uptake, morphological, and thermal properties of polypropylene (PP) with and without the use of two coupling agents was investigated. A higher percentage of a coupling agent yielded a greater impact strength of 141 J/m. Tensile and flexural properties of the OPF/PP composite were improved with the two coupling agents. The addition of OPF to pure PP had reduced these properties, thus proving the utility of the coupling agents. While the addition of the OPF to PP increased the water uptake property by 1.36%, the subsequent addition of a coupling agent decreased it to 0.78%. For the neat PP, the enthalpy of melting (∆ H m = 123 J/g), the enthalpy of crystallization (∆ H c = 133 J/g), and the percent of crystallinity ( X c = 59%) values showed a declining trend down to 91, 103 J/g, and 44%, respectively, when the filler and coupling agents added to the composite. The results of this study demonstrated that the OPF could be used as a viable reinforcement for the PP, providing good mechanical and morphological properties, as long as an appropriate coupling agent proportion is added to the composite. Graphical abstract While a higher percentage of a coupling agent consistently yielded a greater impact, tensile and flexural strength, it reduced melting enthalpy, percent crystallinity, and water absorption for the OPF/PP composite.

中文翻译：

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偶联剂对橄榄渣填充聚丙烯复合材料的影响

研究了添加和不添加两种偶联剂的情况下，橄榄果渣粉（OPF）对聚丙烯（PP）的机械，吸水率，形态和热性能的影响。较高百分比的偶联剂可产生141 J / m的较大冲击强度。两种偶联剂改善了OPF / PP复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能。在纯PP中添加OPF降低了这些性能，从而证明了偶联剂的实用性。虽然在PP中添加OPF使吸水性能提高了1.36％，但随后添加偶联剂却将其降低至0.78％。对于纯聚丙烯，熔融焓（∆ H m = 123 J / g），结晶焓（∆ H c = 133 J / g）和结晶度百分比（X c = 59％）显示出下降到91的趋势 当填料和偶联剂添加到复合材料中时，分别为103 J / g和44％。这项研究的结果表明，只要在复合材料中添加适当的偶联剂比例，OPF就可以用作PP的可行增强材料，并提供良好的机械和形态学性能。图形摘要虽然较高比例的偶联剂始终能产生更大的冲击力，拉伸强度和弯曲强度，但它降低了OPF / PP复合材料的熔融焓，结晶度百分比和吸水率。只要将适当的偶联剂比例添加到复合材料中即可。图形摘要虽然较高比例的偶联剂始终能产生更大的冲击力，拉伸强度和弯曲强度，但它降低了OPF / PP复合材料的熔融焓，结晶度百分比和吸水率。只要将适当的偶联剂比例添加到复合材料中即可。图形摘要虽然较高比例的偶联剂始终能产生更大的冲击力，拉伸强度和弯曲强度，但它降低了OPF / PP复合材料的熔融焓，结晶度百分比和吸水率。