This research investigates the drivers of consumption-based carbon emissions in Brazil by using a dataset covering the period between 1990 and 2018. These dynamics were examined by employing the ARDL bounds, DOLS, and gradual shift causality tests. The ARDL long- and short-run estimation outcomes reveal that: (a) renewable energy use stimulates the sustainability of the environment; (b) economic growth increases environmental degradation; and (c) technological innovation enhances the quality of the environment. In addition, the gradual shift causality test results disclosed that renewable energy consumption, economic growth, technological innovation and public-private partnership investment in energy can predict consumption-based carbon emissions in Brazil. Therefore, Brazilian policymakers should actively encourage the R&D of low-carbon technologies and renewable energy consumption. Domestic consumption levels, on the other hand, should be targeted, specifically those that are more energy-intensive and cause a rise in CO₂ emissions due to consumption.

本研究使用涵盖 1990 年至 2018 年期间的数据集调查了巴西基于消费的碳排放的驱动因素。通过采用 ARDL 界限、DOLS 和渐进转变因果关系检验来检查这些动态。 ARDL 长期和短期估算结果表明： (a) 可再生能源的使用促进环境的可持续性； (b) 经济增长加剧环境退化； (c) 技术创新提高环境质量。此外，渐进因果关系检验结果显示，可再生能源消费、经济增长、技术创新和能源领域的公私合作投资可以预测巴西基于消费的碳排放。因此，巴西政策制定者应积极鼓励低碳技术研发和可再生能源消费。另一方面，应该针对国内消费水平，特别是那些能源密集型并因消费而导致CO ₂排放量增加的消费水平。