The statistical patterns occurring on the threshold of an earthquake, in the transition stage immediately before and after the rupture, still remain unclear. Investigating the dynamical features of surface deformation a few days before and after the earthquake co-seismic rupture are crucial to understand the mechanics of the earthquake process. In the present work, we study surface displacements as estimated using continuous GNSS measurements in the vicinity of the 2020 M_w7.0 Samos (Greece) strong, shallow earthquake. The GNSS time series before and after the M_w7.0 earthquake in SAMO (belonging to METRICA SA HexagonSmartNet commercial network) station demonstrate significant surface deformation in the broader epicentral area. We further analyze the surface displacement increments a few days before and after the Samos M_w7.0 earthquake using the non-extensive statistical physics (NESP) framework, which could provide a frame to study the complexity of the earthquake process. The results of the analysis suggest that the statistical distribution of ground displacement increments presents asymptotic power-law behavior that deviates from the standard Gaussian function. Instead, the observed distributions can be described by the q-Gaussian function derived in the NESP framework, for q-values in the range of 1.10–1.15. In addition, the statistical pattern that was obtained from the analysis is further discussed in terms of superstatistics, indicating that the ground displacement increments a few days before and after the M_w7.0 earthquake correspond to a system with high enough degrees of freedom of the order of 13–15. Furthermore, for comparison, a four years record of continuous GNSS measurements was analyzed using NESP. The results support the non-extensive character of displacement increments using a four years period of recordings suggesting long-range temporal correlations.

在破裂前后的过渡阶段，在地震阈值上发生的统计模式仍然不清楚。研究地震同震破裂前后几天的表面变形动力学特征对于了解地震过程的机理至关重要。在目前的工作中，我们研究在2020 M _w 7.0 Samos（希腊）强，浅地震附近使用连续GNSS测量估计的地表位移。M _w之前和之后的GNSS时间序列SAMO（属于METRICA SA HexagonSmartNet商业网络）站发生的7.0级地震表明，在较广泛的震中区域存在明显的地表变形。我们前几天和之后进一步分析地表位移增量萨摩斯中号_W¯¯使用非广泛的统计物理学（NESP）框架，这可能提供了一个框架来研究地震过程的复杂性7.0级地震。分析结果表明，地面位移增量的统计分布呈现出与标准高斯函数不同的渐近幂律行为。取而代之的是，所观察到的分布可通过进行说明q在NESP框架衍生-gaussian函数，q-值在1.10-1.15范围内。另外，从分析获得的统计模式中superstatistics方面中进一步讨论，这表明地面位移增量前几天和M个后_瓦特7.0地震对应于以足够高的度的量级的自由的系统13至15。此外，为进行比较，使用NESP分析了连续四年GNSS测量的记录。结果表明使用四年的记录表明长期时间相关性，位移增量的非广泛性。