This paper investigates the expression of historical thinking by students in the school and museum environment, based on the study of the past through archaeological remains. The empirical investigation was carried out in five schools in Athens, four state and one private, and included a total sample of 189 middle and high school students (12–13 and 15–16-year-olds). The students were exposed to archaeological remains in three different forms, actual physical objects, printed images of the objects, and digital representations thereof. Data was collected from written responses to a questionnaire and from their responses during a semi-structured interview, as well as from observations by the researcher during the whole process. Based on an analysis of their responses, it was clear that most of the students had grasped the historical significance of the archaeological remains they had studied. They referred to them in relation to their historical context, based on their recollection of pre-existing historical knowledge or the use of relevant information given to them. However, the expression of interpretative historical thinking in several responses appears to be influenced by the historical or non-historical character of each question or task, as well as the type of archaeological remains they had studied. Parameters such as age, gender, and socio-cultural background also appear to have influenced their expression of historical thinking.

本文在通过考古遗迹研究过去的基础上，调查学生在学校和博物馆环境中的历史思维表达。实证调查在雅典的 5 所学校、4 所公立学校和 1 所私立学校进行，共包括 189 名初中和高中学生（12-13 岁和 15-16 岁）的样本。学生们接触了三种不同形式的考古遗迹，即实际的实物、实物的印刷图像及其数字表示。数据来自对问卷的书面答复和半结构化访谈期间的答复，以及研究人员在整个过程中的观察。根据对他们反应的分析，很明显，大多数学生已经掌握了他们所研究的考古遗迹的历史意义。他们根据他们的历史背景来提及他们，基于他们对预先存在的历史知识的回忆或使用给他们的相关信息。然而，解释性历史思维在几个回应中的表达似乎受到每个问题或任务的历史或非历史特征以及他们研究的考古遗迹类型的影响。年龄、性别和社会文化背景等参数似乎也影响了他们对历史思维的表达。基于他们对预先存在的历史知识的回忆或对提供给他们的相关信息的使用。然而，解释性历史思维在几个回应中的表达似乎受到每个问题或任务的历史或非历史特征以及他们研究的考古遗迹类型的影响。年龄、性别和社会文化背景等参数似乎也影响了他们对历史思维的表达。基于他们对预先存在的历史知识的回忆或对提供给他们的相关信息的使用。然而，解释性历史思维在几个回应中的表达似乎受到每个问题或任务的历史或非历史特征以及他们研究的考古遗迹类型的影响。年龄、性别和社会文化背景等参数似乎也影响了他们对历史思维的表达。