The pre-eminence of the production and consumption of nonrenewable fossil fuels is waning with the growth of renewable energy solutions. This long-term energy (LTE) transition is one of the global grand challenges, characterized by uncertain and evolving markets. Although this is a global issue, there are regional differences and non-linear trajectories that suggest that the LTE transition is a complex challenge for firms and countries. For international business scholars, questions related to the role and effect of multinational enterprises in the context of the LTE transition have opened new avenues for advancing theoretical, managerial, and policy understanding. Thus, we advance this body of research by presenting a framework that delineates important drivers and outcomes of the transition. In this way, we emphasize how MNEs both influence and are being influenced by the LTE transition. We identify theoretical perspectives that may be useful to address LTE transition challenges, and suggest avenues for future research on this global grand challenge.

随着可再生能源解决方案的增长，不可再生化石燃料的生产和消费占主导地位。这种长期的能源（LTE）过渡是全球不确定性挑战之一，其特点是市场不确定且不断变化。尽管这是一个全球性问题，但存在地区差异和非线性轨迹，这表明LTE过渡对于公司和国家而言是一项复杂的挑战。对于国际商务学者而言，与LTE转型背景下的跨国企业的角色和作用相关的问题为推进理论，管理和政策理解开辟了新途径。因此，我们通过提出一个框架来描述这一转变的重要驱动因素和结果，从而推动这一研究的发展。通过这种方式，我们强调跨国公司如何LTE过渡的影响和正在受到影响。我们确定了可能对解决LTE过渡挑战有用的理论观点，并提出了应对这一全球挑战的未来研究途径。