Hyperpigmentation of the skin refers to a dermatological condition which alters the color of the skin, making it discolored or darkened. The treatments for hyperpigmentation disorders often take very long to show results and have poor patient compliance. The first-line treatment for hyperpigmentation involves topical formulations of conventional agents such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and glycolic acid followed by oral formulations of therapeutic agents such as tranexamic acid, melatonin, and cysteamine hydrochloride. The second-line approaches include chemical peels and laser therapy given under the observation of expert professionals. However, these therapies pose certain limitations and adverse effects such as erythema, skin peeling, and drying and require long treatment duration to show visible effects. These shortcomings of the conventional treatments provided scope for further research on newer alternatives for managing hyperpigmentation. Some of these therapies include novel formulations such as solid lipid nanocarriers, liposomes, phytochemicals, platelet-rich plasma, microneedling. This review focuses on elaborating on several hyperpigmentation disorders and their mechanisms, the current, novel and emerging treatment options for management of hyperpigmentation.

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色素沉着过度的管理：当前的治疗方法和新兴的治疗方法

皮肤色素沉着过度是指一种皮肤病，它会改变皮肤的颜色，使其变色或变黑。色素沉着过度症的治疗通常需要很长时间才能显示结果并且患者依从性差。色素沉着过度的一线治疗包括常规药物（例如对苯二酚、曲酸和乙醇酸）的局部制剂，然后是治疗剂（例如氨甲环酸、褪黑激素和盐酸半胱胺）的口服制剂。二线方法包括在专业人士的观察下进行化学换肤和激光治疗。然而，这些疗法具有一定的局限性和副作用，例如红斑、皮肤脱皮和干燥，并且需要较长的治疗时间才能显示出明显的效果。常规治疗的这些缺点为进一步研究用于管理色素沉着过度的新替代方案提供了空间。其中一些疗法包括新型制剂，例如固体脂质纳米载体、脂质体、植物化学物质、富含血小板的血浆、微针。这篇综述重点阐述了几种色素沉着过度疾病及其机制，以及用于治疗色素沉着过度的当前、新颖和新兴的治疗选择。