Abstract

Objective: Psychosocial stress is a risk factor for cognitive impairment and a potential pathway through which disparities in cognitive functioning emerge and disproportionately disadvantage older Black adults. Gendered racism is a psychosocial stressor that has negative implications for Black women’s mental and physical health. This study tested the association between lifetime experiences of gendered racism and subjective cognitive complaints, taking into account the extent to which depressive symptoms and coping styles may explain this association. Method: Data from 75 older Black women (M_age = 62.43, SD = 6.23 years) were collected using an online survey assessing lifetime experiences of gendered racism, depressive symptoms, coping styles (i.e. spirituality, social support, problem-oriented/engagement, and disengagement), and subjective cognitive complaints (i.e. memory, attention, executive functioning, language, and overall cognition). The association between gendered racism and subjective cognitive complaints was examined with simple linear regression. Two mediation models examined depressive symptoms and coping styles as independent mediators of this association. Results: More gendered racism across the lifetime was associated with more subjective cognitive complaints separately through depressive symptoms and disengagement coping, but no other coping styles. Conclusion: Gendered racism is linked to increased subjective cognitive complaints via depressive symptoms and disengagement coping. The study highlights the importance of taking into account lived experiences (gendered racism) that are inextricably linked to social positioning (race and gender) within neuropsychology. Results evidence the negative impact of psychosocial stress, specifically gendered racism, on older Black women's subjective cognitive functioning, and illuminate avenues for clinical intervention and social justice advocacy.

摘要

目的：社会心理压力是认知障碍的一个风险因素，也是认知功能差异出现的潜在途径，并且不成比例地使老年黑人成年人处于不利地位。性别种族主义是一种社会心理压力源，对黑人女性的身心健康有负面影响。这项研究测试了性别种族主义的终生经历与主观认知抱怨之间的关联，考虑到抑郁症状和应对方式可以解释这种关联的程度。方法：来自 75 名老年黑人女性的数据（M_年龄 = 62.43，SD = 6.23 年）是使用在线调查收集的，该调查评估了性别种族主义、抑郁症状、应对方式（即灵性、社会支持、问题导向/参与和脱离接触）和主观认知抱怨（即记忆力、注意力、执行力功能、语言和整体认知）。用简单的线性回归检查了性别种族主义和主观认知投诉之间的关联。两个中介模型检查了抑郁症状和应对方式作为这种关联的独立中介。结果：一生中更多的性别种族主义与更多的主观认知抱怨相关，分别通过抑郁症状和脱离接触应对，但没有其他应对方式。结论：性别种族主义与通过抑郁症状和脱离接触应对增加的主观认知抱怨有关。该研究强调了考虑与神经心理学中的社会定位（种族和性别）密不可分的生活经历（性别种族主义）的重要性。结果证明了心理社会压力，特别是性别种族主义对老年黑人女性的主观认知功能的负面影响，并阐明了临床干预和社会正义倡导的途径。