The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a serious public health concern. Patients with cancer have been disproportionately affected by this pandemic. Increasing evidence has documented that patients with malignancies are highly susceptible to severe infections and mortality from COVID-19. Recent studies have also elucidated the molecular relationship between the two diseases, which may not only help optimize cancer care during the pandemic but also expand the treatment for COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the clinical and molecular similarities between cancer and COVID-19 and summarize the four major signaling pathways at the intersection of COVID-19 and cancer, namely, cytokine, type I interferon (IFN-I), androgen receptor (AR), and immune checkpoint signaling. In addition, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of repurposing anticancer treatment for the treatment of COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19与癌症的交集：信号通路和治疗意义

由严重的急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的新型冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）的爆发已成为严重的公共卫生问题。癌症患者受到这种大流行的影响尤其严重。越来越多的证据表明，恶性肿瘤患者极易感染重度感染和COVID-19致死。最近的研究还阐明了这两种疾病之间的分子关系，这不仅可以帮助优化大流行期间的癌症护理，而且可以扩大对COVID-19的治疗。在这篇综述中，我们着重介绍了癌症与COVID-19之间的临床和分子相似性，并总结了在COVID-19与癌症相交处的四个主要信号通路，即细胞因子，I型干扰素（IFN-I）和雄激素受体（ AR），和免疫检查点信号。此外，我们讨论了采用抗癌治疗来治疗COVID-19的优缺点。