In this study, swelling experiments for three natural solid bitumen samples in two types of organic solvents were conducted to explore the location of the swelling between the solid organic matter and solvent in the chemical structure. The relationships between the x-ray diffraction results and chemical structure changes were also investigated during swelling. The results indicated that solid organic matter with a high proportion of aliphatic carbon could dissolve more organic solvents during the swelling reaction. Additionally, aromatic hydrocarbon compounds were more prone to dissolution in solid organic matter than saturated hydrocarbons. In the chemical solid organic matter structure, almost all of the solvent swelling occurred in the aliphatic carbon region, and the micro-crystals formed by the stacking of aromatic carbon clusters were not greatly influenced by the swelling reflection. The ratio of the γ and 002-peak heights in the x-ray diffraction spectra was affected by increases in the proportion of aliphatic carbon during the swelling process, and we proposed an equation for this change. In this study, we determined the swelling site, investigated the swelling process via x-ray diffraction, and proposed several related structural parameter calculation methods to aid future research on the structure of macromolecular organic geological matter.

本研究通过三种天然固体沥青样品在两种有机溶剂中的溶胀实验，探讨了固体有机物与溶剂在化学结构中溶胀的位置。在溶胀过程中还研究了 X 射线衍射结果与化学结构变化之间的关系。结果表明，脂肪族碳含量高的固体有机物在溶胀反应过程中可以溶解更多的有机溶剂。此外，芳香烃化合物比饱和烃更容易溶解在固体有机物中。在化学固体有机物结构中，几乎所有的溶剂溶胀都发生在脂肪族碳区，芳香碳簇堆积形成的微晶受溶胀反射影响不大。X 射线衍射光谱中 γ 和 002 峰高的比率受溶胀过程中脂肪族碳比例增加的影响，我们提出了这种变化的方程。在这项研究中，我们确定了膨胀位点，通过 X 射线衍射研究了膨胀过程，并提出了几种相关的结构参数计算方法，以帮助未来对大分子有机地质物质的结构进行研究。