Background

Overcoming coronavirus disease (COVID-19) will likely require mass vaccination. With vaccination scepticism rising in many countries, assessing the willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19 is of crucial global health importance.

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine how personal and family COVID-19 risk and ICU (intensive care unit) availability just before the pandemics influence the acceptance of future COVID-19 vaccines.

Methods

A two-leg survey was carried out for comparing vaccination attitudes pre-and post-COVID-19. UK residents were surveyed in October 2019 about their vaccination attitudes, and again in a follow-up survey in April 2020, containing the previous questions and further ones related to COVID-19 exposure and COVID-19 vaccine attitudes. The study combined survey results with local COVID-19 incidence and pre-COVID-19 measures of ICU capacity and occupancy. Regression analysis of the impact of individual and public health factors on attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination was performed.

Results

The October 2019 survey included a nationally representative sample of 1653 UK residents. All of them were invited for the follow-up survey in April 2020, and 1194 (72%) participated. The April 2020 sample remained nationally representative. Overall, 85% of respondents (and 55% of vaccine sceptics) would be willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Higher personal and family risk for COVID-19 was associated with stronger COVID-19 vaccination willingness, whereas low pre-COVID-19 ICU availability was associated with lower trust in medical experts and lower COVID-19 vaccine support. Further, general vaccination support has risen during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion

Support for COVID-19 vaccination is high amongst all groups, even vaccine sceptics, boding well for future vaccination take-up rates. Vaccination willingness is correlated with health care availability during the COVID-19 crisis, suggesting a powerful synergy between health care system performance during crisis and the general population's trust in the medical profession – as reflected in vaccination support.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 和重症监护病房容量对疫苗接种支持的影响：来自英国的一项两腿代表调查的证据

背景

克服冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 可能需要大规模接种疫苗。随着许多国家对疫苗接种的怀疑态度上升，评估接种 COVID-19 疫苗的意愿对全球健康至关重要。

客观的

本研究的目的是检查在大流行之前个人和家庭的 COVID-19 风险和 ICU（重症监护病房）的可用性如何影响未来 COVID-19 疫苗的接受度。

方法

为了比较 COVID-19 前后的疫苗接种态度，进行了一项两方面的调查。2019 年 10 月对英国居民的疫苗接种态度进行了调查，并在 2020 年 4 月再次进行了后续调查，其中包含之前的问题以及与 COVID-19 暴露和 COVID-19 疫苗态度相关的进一步问题。该研究将调查结果与当地 COVID-19 发病率和 COVID-19 之前对 ICU 容量和入住率的测量相结合。对个人和公共卫生因素对 COVID-19 疫苗接种态度的影响进行了回归分析。

结果

2019 年 10 月的调查包括 1653 名英国居民的全国代表性样本。2020年4月，他们全部被邀请参加后续调查，1194人（72%）参与。2020 年 4 月的样本仍然具有全国代表性。总体而言，85% 的受访者（以及 55% 的疫苗怀疑论者）愿意接种 COVID-19 疫苗。COVID-19 较高的个人和家庭风险与较强的 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿相关，而较低的 COVID-19 前 ICU 可用性与较低的医学专家信任和较低的 COVID-19 疫苗支持相关。此外，在 COVID-19 大流行期间，一般疫苗接种支持有所增加。

结论

所有群体（甚至是疫苗怀疑论者）都对 COVID-19 疫苗接种的支持度很高，这对未来的疫苗接种率来说是个好兆头。疫苗接种意愿与 COVID-19 危机期间的医疗保健可用性相关，这表明危机期间医疗保健系统的表现与普通民众对医疗行业的信任之间存在强大的协同作用——正如疫苗接种支持所反映的那样。