Allotransplantation has extensively been employed for managing end-stage organ failure and malignant tumors. Acute and chronic post-transplant rejections are major causes of late morbidity and mortality after allotransplantation. However, there are no objective diagnostic criteria and specific therapy for post-transplant rejections. Owing to key advances in high-throughput RNA sequencing techniques, a wealth of studies have disclosed that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) expression increased or decreased evidently in biopsies, blood, plasma, urine and specific cells of rejecting patients, and the dysregulated lncRNAs affected the cellular functions and differentiation of the immune system. Hence, we present an overview of the functions of lncRNAs expressed in various immune cells related to allotransplant rejection. Moreover, our review explores the regulatory interplay of relevant lncRNAs and recipients with or without allograft rejection after solid organ transplantations or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, then discuss whether these relevant lncRNAs can be molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and new therapeutic targets in the management of post-transplanted patients.

同种异体移植已广泛用于治疗终末期器官衰竭和恶性肿瘤。急性和慢性移植后排斥是同种异体移植后晚期发病率和死亡率的主要原因。然而，移植后排斥反应没有客观的诊断标准和具体的治疗方法。由于高通量 RNA 测序技术的重大进步，大量研究表明，在排斥患者的活检、血液、血浆、尿液和特定细胞中，长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 的表达明显增加或减少，并且失调的 lncRNA 受到影响免疫系统的细胞功能和分化。因此，我们概述了在与同种异体移植排斥相关的各种免疫细胞中表达的 lncRNA 的功能。而且，