We induce strong nonlocal interactions in a 2D Fermi gas in an optical lattice using Rydberg dressing. The system is approximately described by a $t-V$ model on a square lattice where the fermions experience isotropic nearest-neighbor interactions and are free to hop only along one direction. We measure the interactions using many-body Ramsey interferometry and study the lifetime of the gas in the presence of tunneling, finding that tunneling does not reduce the lifetime. To probe the interplay of nonlocal interactions with tunneling, we investigate the short-time-relaxation dynamics of charge-density waves in the gas. We find that strong nearest-neighbor interactions slow down the relaxation. Our work opens the door for quantum simulations of systems with strong nonlocal interactions such as extended Fermi-Hubbard models.

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具有强非局域相互作用的费米气体的淬火动力学

我们使用里德伯敷料在光学晶格中的二维费米气体中诱导强非局域相互作用。该系统大致描述为$吨-V$在方格上建立模型，其中费米子经历各向同性的最近邻相互作用，并且只能沿一个方向自由跳跃。我们使用多体 Ramsey 干涉测量法测量相互作用，并研究存在隧道效应时气体的寿命，发现隧道效应不会缩短寿命。为了探究非局部相互作用与隧道效应的相互作用，我们研究了气体中电荷密度波的短时弛豫动力学。我们发现强烈的最近邻相互作用会减慢松弛。我们的工作为具有强非局域相互作用的系统（例如扩展费米-哈伯德模型）​​的量子模拟打开了大门。