The cognitive control system matures gradually with age and shows age-related sex differences. To gain knowledge concerning error adaptation in familial high-risk groups, investigating error adaptation among the offspring of parents with severe mental disorders is important and may contribute to the understanding of cognitive functioning in at-risk individuals. We identified an observational cohort through Danish registries and measured error adaptation using an Eriksen flanker paradigm. We tested 497 7-year-old children with a familial high risk of schizophrenia (N = 192) or bipolar disorder (N = 116) for deficits in error adaptation compared with a control group (N = 189). We investigated whether error adaptation differed between high-risk groups compared with controls and sex differences in the adaptation to errors, irrespective of high-risk status. Overall, children exhibited post-error slowing (PES), but the slowing of responses did not translate to significant improvements in accuracy. No differences were detected between either high-risk group compared with the controls. Boys showed less PES and PES after incongruent trials than girls. Our results suggest that familial high risk of severe mental disorders does not influence error adaptation at this early stage of cognitive control development. Error adaptation behavior at age 7 years shows specific sex differences.

认知控制系统随着年龄的增长而逐渐成熟，并表现出与年龄相关的性别差异。为了获得有关家庭高危人群的错误适应的知识，调查患有严重精神障碍的父母的后代的错误适应非常重要，并且可能有助于了解高危个体的认知功能。我们通过丹麦登记处确定了一个观察队列，并使用埃里克森侧翼范式测量了误差适应。我们测试了 497 名有家族性高风险精神分裂症 ( N = 192) 或双相情感障碍 ( N = 116) 的 7 岁儿童，与对照组 ( N = 189) 相比，他们在错误适应方面存在缺陷。我们研究了与对照组相比，高风险组之间的错误适应是否存在差异，以及无论高风险状态如何，对错误的适应的性别差异。总体而言，儿童表现出错误后减慢（PES），但反应减慢并没有转化为准确性的显着提高。与对照组相比，两个高风险组之间均未检测到差异。男孩在不一致试验后表现出的 PES 和 PES 均低于女孩。我们的结果表明，家族性严重精神障碍的高风险并不影响认知控制发展早期阶段的错误适应。 7岁时的错误适应行为表现出特定的性别差异。