In the present study, antioxidant activity, immune responses, and growth performance of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss) juveniles fed with diets supplemented with dandelion (Taraxacum officinalis) and lichen (Usnea barbata) extracts were assessed. Four different concentrations of aqueous methanolic extract of the plants (0% (control), 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% (D, dandelion; L, lichen) were added to the diets, and fish were fed for 75 days. On the 15^th, 45^th, and 75^th day of the study, liver antioxidant enzyme activities were determined, and immune responses were determined every 15^th day. The results showed that SOD activity increased in the fish group of 0.1% D on the 15^th and 45^th day compared to control; however, it was lower in all the lichen extract-treated groups than in control at almost all sampling times, except on the 15^th day in the 0.1% L group. CAT activity showed an increased value (P < 0.05) in 0.5% L and 1% L treated fish groups on the 15^th day, in fish of 1% D and 1% L groups on 45^th and on 75^th day in 0.1% D group. GPX activity increased on the 15^th day of the study in fish of 0.1% D group, on the 45^th day in 1% D and 1% L groups and on the 75^th day in fish of 0.5% D, 0.1% D, and 0.5% L groups (P < 0.05). G6PDH enhanced in all treatment groups compared to control on the 15^th day, except in 0.1% L and 0.5% L groups. An elevated G6PDH activity was also observed on the 75^th day of the study in 0.5% D, 1% D, and 0.5% L fish groups. An increase on lipid peroxidation (LP) was observed in all L groups on the 45^th day of the study. Lysozyme activity was determined to be the highest in 0.5% and 1% L on the 45^th day, in 0.1% L on the 60^th day and in the 0.5% L fish group on the 75^th day compared to control (P < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase was found to be the highest at the end of the study in 1% L fish group compared to the control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest the use of dandelion to combat oxidative stress and to lower FCR and the use of lichen to modulate the immune response in rainbow trout. The use of such products will be economical for aquaculture and harmless for the environment.

在本研究中，评估了用添加了蒲公英 ( Taraxacum officinalis ) 和地衣 ( Usnea barbata ) 提取物的日粮喂养的虹鳟鱼 ( Onchorhynchus mykiss ) 幼鱼的抗氧化活性、免疫反应和生长性能。将四种不同浓度的植物甲醇提取物（0%（对照）、0.1%、0.5% 和 1%（D，蒲公英；L，地衣）添加到饲料中，并喂鱼 75 天。 15^日，45^日和75^日研究的日子，肝脏抗氧化酶活性进行了测定，和免疫反应，确定为每15^个日。结果表明，SOD活性鱼组0.1％d的增加在15^个和45^个天与对照相比; 然而，除了0.1% L 组的^第15天外，在几乎所有采样时间，所有地衣提取物处理组都低于对照组。CAT活性显示增加值（P 在15 0.5％L和1％L-处理的鱼基团<0.05）^第一天，在1％的d和1％L-组的鱼45^日和75^日的0.1％天D组。GPX活性在15增加^第0.1％d组的鱼研究的当天，在45^个天在1％d和1％L基团并在75^个在 0.5% D、0.1% D 和 0.5% L 组的鱼中的一天 ( P  < 0.05)。G6PDH在所有治疗组相比增强对15控制^第一天，除了在0.1％L和0.5％的L基团。在研究的^第75天，在 0.5% D、1% D 和 0.5% L 鱼群中也观察到 G6PDH 活性升高。在研究的^第45天，在所有 L 组中都观察到脂质过氧化 (LP) 增加。溶菌酶活性被确定为在45的0.5％和1％L-最高^第一天，在0.1％L上的60^个天并在75 0.5％L鱼组中^第天与对照相比（P < 0.05)。与对照组相比，1% L 鱼组在研究结束时发现髓过氧化物酶最高（P  < 0.05）。总之，我们建议使用蒲公英来对抗氧化应激和降低 FCR，并使用地衣来调节虹鳟鱼的免疫反应。使用此类产品对水产养殖经济且对环境无害。