ABSTRACT

Scout Rally at Birmingham and Imperial Scout Exhibition organised in July of 1913 by the Boy Scouts Association constituted educational propaganda of the British Empire. The term “imperial”, which was used in the British press, reflects the ideological meaning of this outsized event which gathered scouts from the United Kingdom and its dominions, and much smaller groups of scouts from Europe, including quite numerous groups from Poland. In the eyes of Poles, British “imperialism” or “patriotism” confronted as an ideal compared to Russian and German rule, and their attitudes were enthusiastically Anglomaniacal. This is the psychological key to understand the attractiveness of performing on the British arena for the representation of the young generation of Poles who were invited. For Polish scouts, the Scout Rally in Birmingham was an opportunity to demonstrate not only their skills but also patriotism as a function of political presence. This is how the Polish press understood these things, and which after the British – what needs to be emphasised – paid the most attention to the events in Birmingham. The most important Polish dailies publishing in Cracow, Warsaw, Poznań, and Lvov (now Lviv) closely followed the course of the rally, which was given the rank of success by a two-sentence depeche from London and a lengthy letter published in the Czas daily paper. The object of interest for the author of the article is the book written by the founder of Polish scouting, Andrzej Małkowski, which constitutes a noteworthy record of observations made by him during the Scout Rally as well as those made by other organisers of the Polish delegation’s trip and of letters from journalists who accompanied this delegation and sent their correspondence to the Polish press from Birmingham, London, and Paris. Only one journalist broke out from apologetic opinions about the excellent performance of Polish scouts, who noticed shortcomings in performance and wrote about them. The article introduces the content of these letters and interprets and compares them. The opinion about the triumphant rally in Birmingham rooted firmly in Polish public opinion, constituting an important element of the founding myth of Polish scouting, which in the history of this movement is worth noting.

摘要

伯明翰童子军集会和童子军协会于 1913 年 7 月举办的帝国童子军展览构成了大英帝国的教育宣传。英国媒体使用的“帝国”一词反映了这一大型活动的意识形态含义，该活动聚集了来自英国及其领土的童子军，以及来自欧洲的小规模童子军团体，其中包括相当多的来自波兰的童子军团体。在波兰人眼中，与俄罗斯和德国的统治相比，英国的“帝国主义”或“爱国主义”是一种理想，他们的态度是热情的英国狂热。这是理解在英国舞台上表演对于受邀的年轻一代波兰人的吸引力的心理关键。对于波兰球探来说，伯明翰童子军集会不仅是展示他们技能的机会，也是展示他们作为政治存在的爱国主义精神的机会。这就是波兰媒体对这些事情的理解，继英国——需要强调的是——对伯明翰事件给予最多关注之后。克拉科夫、华沙、波兹南和利沃夫（现利沃夫）最重要的波兰日报密切关注了这次集会的进程，并以两句话的方式将集会评为成功来自伦敦的depeche和在Czas发表的一封长信日报。本文作者感兴趣的对象是波兰童军创始人安杰伊·马科夫斯基 (Andrzej Małkowski) 所写的书，该书记录了他在童子军集会期间以及波兰代表团其他组织者的观察结果。随行代表团的记者从伯明翰、伦敦和巴黎向波兰媒体发送的信件。只有一名记者对波兰球探的出色表现表示歉意，他注意到了他们的表现中的缺点并写下了这些缺点。文章介绍了这些信件的内容，并对它们进行了解读和比较。关于伯明翰集会胜利的观点在波兰舆论中根深蒂固，