Genomic selection (GS) is one of the most powerful tools available for maize breeding. Its use of genome-wide marker data to estimate breeding values translates to increased genetic gains with fewer breeding cycles. In this review, we cover the history of GS and highlight particular milestones during its adaptation to maize breeding. We discuss how GS can be applied to developing superior maize inbreds and hybrids. Additionally, we characterize refinements in GS models that could enable the encapsulation of non-additive genetic effects, genotype by environment interactions, and multiple levels of the biological hierarchy, all of which could ultimately result in more accurate predictions of breeding values. Finally, we suggest the stages in a maize breeding program where it would be beneficial to apply GS. Given the current sophistication of high-throughput phenotypic, genotypic, and other -omic level data currently available to the maize community, now is the time to explore the implications of their incorporation into GS models and thus ensure that genetic gains are being achieved as quickly and efficiently as possible.

基因组选择（GS）是玉米育种最强大的工具之一。它使用全基因组标记数据来估计育种值，从而以更少的育种周期增加遗传增益。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了 GS 的历史，并重点介绍了其适应玉米育种过程中的特定里程碑。我们讨论了如何应用 GS 来开发优质玉米自交系和杂交种。此外，我们还对 GS 模型进行了改进，这些模型可以封装非加性遗传效应、环境相互作用的基因型以及生物层次的多个级别，所有这些最终都可以更准确地预测育种值。最后，我们提出了玉米育种计划中应用 GS 有利的阶段。鉴于目前玉米界可获得的高通量表型、基因型和其他组学水平数据的复杂性，现在是时候探索将它们纳入 GS 模型的影响，从而确保尽快实现遗传收益并尽可能高效。