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Disruption of the competitive balance between foundational tree species by interacting stressors in a temperate deciduous forest
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-17 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13687 Natalie L Cleavitt 1 , John J Battles 2 , Timothy J Fahey 1 , Natalie S. van Doorn 3
中文翻译：
通过在温带落叶林中相互作用的压力来破坏基础树种之间的竞争平衡
更新日期：2021-07-09
Journal of Ecology ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-17 , DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.13687 Natalie L Cleavitt 1 , John J Battles 2 , Timothy J Fahey 1 , Natalie S. van Doorn 3
Affiliation
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- The complex effects of global environmental changes on ecosystems result from the interaction of multiple stressors, their direct impacts on species and their indirect impacts on species interactions. Air pollution (and resulting depletion of soil base cations) and biotic invasion (e.g. beech bark disease [BBD] complex) are two stressors that are affecting the foundational tree species of northern hardwood forests, sugar maple and American beech, in northeastern North America.
- At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, a watershed-scale calcium (Ca) addition in 1999 restored soil Ca that had been lost as a result of acid deposition in a maple-beech forest that was severely affected by BBD beginning in the 1970s. We present historic data from the reference watershed for BBD progression, 20 years of comparative forest data from the treated and reference watersheds, and tree demographic rates for the most recent decade. We hypothesized that mitigation of soil acidification on the treated watershed in the presence of BBD would favour improved performance of sugar maple, a species that is particularly sensitive to base cation depletion.
- We observed significant responses of seed production, seedling bank composition, sapling survival and recruitment, and tree mortality and growth to the restoration of soil Ca, indicating that acid rain depletion of soil base cations has influenced demographic rates of maple and beech. Overall, the reduced performance of sugar maple on acidified soils may indirectly favour the persistence of diseased beech trees and a greater abundance of beech vegetative sprouts, effectively promoting the chronic presence of severe BBD in the population.
- Synthesis. The shifting conditions created by global change have altered long-term demographic rates and may thereby impact competitive interactions in the current centre of these species ranges and have more profound implications for species persistence and migration potential than previously anticipated.
中文翻译：
通过在温带落叶林中相互作用的压力来破坏基础树种之间的竞争平衡
- 全球环境变化对生态系统的复杂影响源于多种压力因素的相互作用，它们对物种的直接影响和对物种相互作用的间接影响。空气污染（以及由此导致的土壤碱性阳离子消耗）和生物入侵（例如山毛榉树皮病 [BBD] 复合体）是影响北美东北部北部硬木林、糖槭和美洲山毛榉的基本树种的两个压力因素。
- 在新罕布什尔州的哈伯德布鲁克实验森林，1999 年的流域尺度钙 (Ca) 添加恢复了土壤钙，该钙在枫 - 山毛榉森林中因酸沉积而丢失，该森林从 1970 年代开始受到 BBD 的严重影响. 我们提供了 BBD 进展参考流域的历史数据、处理后和参考流域的 20 年比较森林数据，以及最近十年的树木人口统计率。我们假设在 BBD 存在的情况下减轻处理过的流域土壤酸化将有利于改善糖枫的性能，糖枫是一种对碱阳离子消耗特别敏感的物种。
- 我们观察到种子产量、幼苗库组成、树苗存活和补充、树木死亡率和生长对土壤 Ca 恢复的显着响应，表明土壤碱性阳离子的酸雨耗竭影响了枫树和山毛榉的人口统计率。总体而言，糖枫在酸化土壤上的性能降低可能间接有利于患病山毛榉树的持久性和山毛榉营养芽的丰度，从而有效地促进了人群中严重 BBD 的长期存在。
- 合成。全球变化造成的不断变化的条件改变了长期人口率，从而可能影响这些物种范围当前中心的竞争相互作用，并对物种的持久性和迁徙潜力产生比先前预期更深远的影响。
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