The aim of the present study was to describe the genetic structure of the Norwegian population using genotypes from 6369 unrelated individuals with detailed information about places of residence. Using standard single marker- and haplotype-based approaches, we report evidence of two regions with distinctive patterns of genetic variation, one in the far northeast, and another in the south of Norway, as indicated by fixation indices, haplotype sharing, homozygosity, and effective population size. We detect and quantify a component of Uralic Sami ancestry that is enriched in the North. On a finer scale, we find that rates of migration have been affected by topography like mountain ridges. In the broader Scandinavian context, we detect elevated relatedness between the mid- and northern border areas towards Sweden. The main finding of this study is that despite Norway’s long maritime history and as a former Danish territory, the region closest to mainland Europe in the south appears to have been an isolated region in Norway, highlighting the open sea as a barrier to gene flow into Norway.

本研究的目的是使用来自 6369 名无关个体的基因型以及有关居住地的详细信息来描述挪威人口的遗传结构。使用标准的基于单一标记和单倍型的方法，我们报告了两个区域具有独特遗传变异模式的证据，一个在远东北部，另一个在挪威南部，如固定指数、单倍型共享、纯合性和有效人口规模。我们检测并量化了北方丰富的乌拉尔萨米人血统成分。在更精细的范围内，我们发现迁移率受到山脊等地形的影响。在更广泛的斯堪的纳维亚背景下，我们发现中部和北部边境地区与瑞典之间的相关性有所提高。