Coping with the growing impacts of flooding in EU countries, a paradigm shift in flood management can be observed, moving from safety-based towards risk-based approaches and holistic perspectives. Flood resilience is a common denominator of most of the approaches. In this article, we present the ‘Flood Resilience Rose’ (FRR), a management tool to promote harmonised action towards flood resilience in European regions and beyond. The FRR is a result of a two-step process. First, based on scientific concepts as well as analysis of relevant policy documents, we identified three ‘levels of operation’. The first level refers to the EU Floods Directive and an extended multi-layer safety approach, comprising the four different layers of protection, prevention, preparedness and recovery, and related measures to be taken. This level is not independent but depends both on the institutional (second level) and the wider (third level) context. Second, we used surveys, semi-structured interviews and group discussions during workshops with experts from Belgium, Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom to validate the definitions and the FRR's practical relevance. The presented FRR is thus the result of rigorous theoretical and practical consideration and provides a tool capable to strengthen flood risk management practice.

中文翻译：

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“抗洪玫瑰”：促进向抗洪能力转变的管理工具

应对欧盟国家日益严重的洪水影响，可以观察到洪水管理的范式转变，从基于安全的方法转向基于风险的方法和整体观点。抗洪能力是大多数方法的共同点。在本文中，我们介绍了“洪水恢复玫瑰”（FRR），这是一种管理工具，可促进欧洲地区及其他地区针对洪水恢复采取协调行动。FRR 是一个两步过程的结果。一是根据科学理念，结合相关政策文件分析，确定了三个“运行层次”。第一级是指欧盟洪水指令和扩展的多层安全方法，包括保护、预防、准备和恢复四个不同层次，以及要采取的相关措施。这个层次不是独立的，而是取决于制度（第二层次）和更广泛的（第三层次）背景。其次，我们在研讨会期间与来自比利时、丹麦、德国、荷兰和英国的专家一起使用调查、半结构化访谈和小组讨论来验证定义和 FRR 的实际相关性。因此，所提出的 FRR 是严格理论和实践考虑的结果，并提供了一种能够加强洪水风险管理实践的工具。