A link between microbial life history strategies and soil organic carbon storage in agroecosystems is presumed, but largely unexplored at the gene level. We aimed to elucidate whether and how differential organic material amendments (manure versus peat-vermiculite) affect, relative to sole chemical fertilizer application, the link between microbial life history strategies and soil organic carbon storage in a wheat-maize rotation field experiment. To achieve this goal, we combined bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal ITS amplicon sequencing, metagenomics and the assembly of genomes. Fertilizer treatments had a significantly greater effect on microbial community composition than aggregate size, with soil available phosphorus and potassium being the most important community-shaping factors. Limitation in labile carbon was linked to a K-selected oligotrophic life history strategy (Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria) under sole chemical fertilizer application; defined by a significant enrichment of genes involved in resource acquisition, polymer hydrolysis, and competition. By contrast, excess of labile carbon promoted an r-selected copiotrophic life history strategy (Cytophagales, Bacillales, Mortierellomycota) under manure treatment; defined by a significant enrichment of genes involved in cellular growth. A distinct life history strategy was not observed under peat-vermiculite treatment, but rather a mix of both K-selected (Acidobacteria) and r-selected (Actinobacteria, Mortierellomycota) microorganisms. Compared to sole chemical fertilizer application, soil organic carbon storage efficiency was significantly increased by 26.5% and 50.0% under manure and peat-vermiculite treatments, respectively. Taken together, our results highlight the importance of organic material amendments, but in particular a one-time peat-vermiculite application, to promote soil organic carbon storage as a potential management strategy for sustainable agriculture.

推测了微生物生命历史策略与农业生态系统中土壤有机碳储量之间的联系，但在基因水平上仍未得到充分研究。我们的目的是在小麦-玉米轮作田间试验中阐明相对于单一化肥施用，不同的有机物质改良剂（肥料与泥煤-ver石）是否以及如何影响微生物生命史策略与土壤有机碳储量之间的联系。为实现这一目标，我们将细菌16S rRNA基因与真菌ITS扩增子测序，宏基因组学和基因组组装相结合。施肥处理对微生物群落组成的影响远大于集料大小，土壤有效磷和钾是最重要的群落塑造因素。不稳定碳的局限性与单独施用化肥时选择钾的贫营养生命史策略（Gemmatimonadetes，Acidobacteria）；通过大量丰富涉及资源获取，聚合物水解和竞争的基因来定义。相反，过量的活性有机碳的促进的[R -请选择copiotrophic生活史对策（Cytophagales，芽孢杆菌，Mortierellomycota下粪便处理）; 通过大量富集参与细胞生长的基因来定义。一个明显的生活史对策没有根据泥炭蛭石治疗观察，而是两者的混合ķ -请选择（酸杆菌门）和r-选择的（放线菌，Mortierellomycota）微生物。与单独施用化肥相比，在粪肥和泥煤-石处理下，土壤有机碳存储效率分别显着提高了26.5％和50.0％。综上所述，我们的结果突出了有机材料改良的重要性，尤其是一次性泥炭-石的应用，以促进土壤有机碳存储作为可持续农业的潜在管理策略。