This paper analyses the dynamics of the relationship between the state and foreign firms in the context of resource nationalism, focusing specifically on lithium industrialisation policy in Bolivia. The paper examines three particular developments in the context of the country's lithium industrialisation strategy: the pursuit of a radical resource nationalism by the state; the subsequent transition towards a moderate nationalistic approach, more open to collaboration with foreign firms; and the repeal of a joint venture created with a German firm to produce lithium compounds. The analysis underscores the importance of reflecting critically on political processes at the sub-national level, and drawing on this knowledge to inform and guide resource policy. It is concluded from this case study of lithium policy in Bolivia that the evolution of resource nationalism should not only be examined by taking into account financial and technological factors alone. Rather, a multi-scalar frame of analysis which considers the social relations in local territories is needed to appreciate fully the impact of resource nationalism.

本文分析了资源民族主义背景下国家与外国公司关系的动态，特别关注玻利维亚的锂工业化政策。本文考察了该国锂工业化战略背景下的三个具体发展：国家追求激进的资源民族主义；随后向温和的民族主义方法过渡，对与外国公司的合作更加开放；废除与一家德国公司建立的生产锂化合物的合资企业。分析强调了批判性反思次国家级政治进程的重要性，并利用这些知识为资源政策提供信息和指导。本次玻利维亚锂政策案例研究得出的结论是，不应仅通过考虑金融和技术因素来审视资源民族主义的演变。相反，需要一个考虑当地社会关系的多尺度分析框架来充分理解资源民族主义的影响。