ABSTRACT

In the context of food sovereignty, it is essential to distinguish and give value to national products, especially those from artisanal production. Argentina and Chile mussel production occurs at different scales (artisanal vs industrial), is targeted to different species and is developed in different environmental contexts, but in the market the two products are labelled and offered as the same. We evaluated the use of the shell shape to distinguish between mussels from these two countries and among crops, using Landmark-based geometric morphometrics. We compared individuals from five crops from Argentina and six from Chile to assess their shell shape variations using various multivariate statistical methods. Our results showed significant differences between the average shell shape from each country. While crops from Argentina were different among themselves, the crops from Chile were similar. The misclassification rate, using the shell shape variables, between countries was lower than 3%. We hypothesize that the shell shape variations inside the country reflect the environmental effect on the phenotype. Our results show noticeable differences in the shell shape between South American mussels from Chile and Argentina, proving that the shell shape variation could be used as a biomarker to the designation of origin of the product.

摘要

在粮食主权的背景下，必须区分本国产品并赋予其价值，尤其是手工生产的产品。阿根廷和智利贻贝的生产规模不同（手工与工业），针对不同的物种，在不同的环境背景下开发，但在市场上，这两种产品的标签和供应方式相同。我们使用基于地标的几何形态测量学评估了使用贝壳形状来区分来自这两个国家的贻贝和作物。我们比较了来自阿根廷的五种作物和来自智利的六种作物的个体，以使用各种多元统计方法评估它们的壳形状变化。我们的结果显示每个国家的平均贝壳形状之间存在显着差异。虽然阿根廷的作物彼此不同，但智利的作物相似。使用贝壳形状变量，国家之间的错误分类率低于 3%。我们假设国内的贝壳形状变化反映了环境对表型的影响。我们的研究结果表明，智利和阿根廷的南美贻贝在壳形上存在显着差异，证明壳形变化可作为产品原产地指定的生物标志物。