This work aims to determine natural radionuclides (²¹⁰Pb, ^228,226Ra, ^234,228Th and ⁴⁰K) in NORM samples by well-type HPGe detectors because they are of vital importance in studies on environmental samples. For this, a novel methodology has been developed, based on obtaining a general function for the full-energy peak efficiency (FEPE) versus the sample apparent density and composition, keeping the sample height constant. To obtain the general FEPE function, a calibration in efficiency has been accomplished using certified standards provided by IAEA (RGU-1 and RGTh-1), and KCl. Besides, different self-absorption correction functions were compared for cylindrical geometry, where chemical compositions need to be known. Then, a study on using an anti-Compton system was done, getting a lower detection limit and allowing to propose gamma spectrometry as an alternative technique to alpha-particle spectrometry. Finally, the followed methodology to calculate the FEPE was subjected to internal and external validations, checking its validity range.

这项工作旨在通过井型HPGe检测器确定NORM样品中的天然放射性核素（²¹⁰ Pb，^228,226 Ra，^234,228 Th和⁴⁰ K），因为它们对环境样品的研究至关重要。为此，基于获得全能峰效率（FEPE）与样品表观密度和组成的通用函数，并保持样品高度恒定的基础上，已经开发了一种新颖的方法。获得一般的FEPE功能方面，已使用国际原子能机构（RGU-1和RGTh-1）和KCl提供的认证标准完成了效率校准。此外，针对需要知道化学成分的圆柱几何形状，比较了不同的自吸收校正函数。然后，进行了有关使用反康普顿系统的研究，获得了较低的检测限，并允许提出伽马光谱法作为α粒子光谱法的替代技术。最后，采用以下方法计算FEPE，并进行了内部和外部验证，并检查了其有效性范围。