Eliminating ultra-poverty has received particular attention of policymakers and scholars. The ultra-poor in mountainous regions often live on subsistence farming and natural resource extraction. One of the sustainable ways to support them is to find alternative livelihood options that reduce natural resource extraction and increase household income. During the last decades, Vietnam has reduced its poverty significantly. However, the ultra-poor still exist especially among ethnic minority groups in the northern mountains, increasing pressures on already degraded forest resources. This paper assessed the contribution of indigenous pig production to the welfare of ultra-poor ethnic minority households using the propensity score matching method and identified the factors affecting indigenous pig production using generalized Poisson, negative binomial and binary logistic regression models. The analysis was based on the data of 495 rural households surveyed in 2019. Results showed that (1) indigenous pig production had significant and positive effects on household income of and multidimensional poverty reduction among ultra-poor ethnic minority households and (2) the factors positively affecting indigenous pig production are access to credits, number of motorbikes, government support under the poverty reduction programs, road type at the villages, and irrigation systems, while the effects of distance from home to the nearest agricultural input shops and access to the national electricity are negative. We suggest the government to continue improving irrigation systems, road conditions and access to national electricity grids in this mountainous region.

消除超贫困问题已引起政策制定者和学者的特别关注。山区的极端贫困人口经常依靠自给自足的农业和自然资源开采为生。支持他们的可持续方法之一是寻找替代的谋生手段，以减少自然资源的开采并增加家庭收入。在过去的几十年中，越南显着减少了贫困。但是，特别是在北部山区的少数族裔群体中仍然存在超贫困现象，这对已经退化的森林资源造成了越来越大的压力。本文使用倾向评分匹配法评估了本地生猪生产对超贫困少数民族家庭福利的贡献，并使用广义泊松方法确定了影响本地生猪生产的因素，负二项式和二元logistic回归模型。该分析基于2019年所调查的495个农村家庭的数据。结果表明：（1）本地养猪生产对超贫困少数民族家庭的家庭收入和多维减贫产生了显着积极的影响，（2）因素获得信贷，摩托车的数量，减贫计划下的政府支持，村庄的道路类型和灌溉系统等对本地养猪生产产生积极影响的因素，而离家到最近的农业投入品商店的距离以及获得全国农民的机会的影响电是负面的。我们建议政府在该山区继续改善灌溉系统，道路条件和使用国家电网的条件。