Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are derived from natural populations of plants or fungi, or farmed in forests. Harvesters and producers often benefit from NTFPs by selling them to generate income. This article explores research on the producers, production, marketing, and sales of NTFPs in the United States, including the continuum of production from wild-harvesting to forest farming of NTFPs, and their costs and benefits. Specific examples are presented, but the concepts and generalizations are broadly applicable to many NTFPs throughout the U.S. and other parts of the world. Integrating NTFPs into forest management can enhance economic opportunities but also will increase complexity, and will entail balancing multiple and potentially conflicting objectives among a diverse community of stakeholders. We identify information gaps including the need for inventories and yield models of NTFPs, understanding the effect of silvicultural activities on NTFP survival and yield, time series and trends in collection of NTFPs by U.S. households, identification of vulnerable and marginalized communities associated with NTFP harvest, and harvesters’ motivations and drivers.

非木材林产品（NTFP）来源于植物或真菌的自然种群，或在森林中种植。收割者和生产者通常会通过出售NTFP来获得收益，从而从中受益。本文探讨了有关NTFP在美国的生产，生产，销售和销售的研究，包括NTFP从野外采伐到林木耕作的连续生产，以及它们的成本和收益。给出了具体示例，但概念和概括适用于美国和世界其他地区的许多NTFP。将非木材林产品纳入森林管理可以增加经济机会，但也会增加复杂性，并需要在利益相关者的多元化社区中平衡多个目标和可能相互矛盾的目标。