High turbulence at the liquid steel−mold flux interface results in mold flux entrapments, which can generate nonmetallic inclusions during the ingot-casting process. Those nonmetallic inclusions are detrimental to the final steel quality. The teeming process during ingot casting is typically conducted using the uphill teeming method. The authors propose a novel alternative method using a side teeming process, which decreases turbulence at the free surface. To define the optimum operational conditions, a 3D mathematical model is developed to investigate the effect of the filling angle on the motion of the free surface and the resulting shear stresses during the teeming process. The investigated filling angles are 0°, 30°, 45°, 60°, and 90°. The present findings suggest that using the filling angle of 90° between the mold and the runner is an effective way of reducing the number of inclusions due to mold flux entrapments and refractory wear.

中文翻译：

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铸锭侧浇注过程充填角对流体流动影响的数值研究

液态钢-结晶器熔剂界面处的高湍流会导致结晶器熔剂滞留，这会在铸锭过程中产生非金属夹杂物。这些非金属夹杂物对最终钢的质量是有害的。铸锭过程中的浇注过程通常使用上坡浇注方法进行。作者提出了一种使用侧浇注工艺的新型替代方法，该方法可减少自由表面的湍流。为了定义最佳操作条件，开发了一个 3D 数学模型来研究填充角度对自由表面运动的影响以及浇注过程中产生的剪切应力。研究的填充角度为 0°、30°、45°、60° 和 90°。