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Ancient agriculture in Southeast Arabia: A three thousand year record of runoff farming from central Oman (Rustaq)
Catena ( IF 5.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2021.105406
L. Purdue , D. Kennet , A. Garnier , A. Parton , H. Djerbi , S. Botan , L. Herveux , G. Davtian , A. Carré , D. Moger , N. al-Jahwari

Runoff farming is a key hydro-agricultural strategy that has proven efficient in arid areas. Research in Arabia on the function, development, maintenance, durability and abandonment of this technology is scarce. A multiproxy investigation (cartography, sedimentology, pedology, geochemistry, paleo-ecology and chronology) was conducted on a recently abandoned terraced area in Rustaq, Northern Oman. The aim was to characterize the formation, function and management of this runoff system and the driving factors behind its success. Cycles of cultivation were identified during the Iron Age II/III periods (specifically 750–450 BCE), the Early Pre-Islamic Period (PIR) (specifically 350–200 BCE), the Early and Middle Islamic periods (specifically 8–10th C CE, 13th-14th C CE) and the late Islamic period (specifically 17th C CE and later). This expansion and perenniality was possible thanks to: 1- available water (local to micro-regional orogenic precipitation despite a regional aridification during these periods); 2- suitable soils (weathered geological outcrops, probable aeolian /dust particles); 3- a system of production combining crops and husbandry; 4- a progressive increase in agricultural specialization (crops grown and techniques) in parallel with a diversification in hydraulic technology. These results are to some degree in accordance with known phases of settlement intensification and economic growth, but also reveal the persistence of small-scale rural livelihoods during periods of harsh conditions for which archaeological traces are very scarce.



中文翻译:

阿拉伯东南部的古代农业:来自阿曼中部(Rustaq)的三千年的径流农业记录

径流农业是一项重要的水力农业战略,已在干旱地区证明是有效的。在阿拉伯,缺乏对该技术的功能,开发,维护,耐用性和废弃的研究。在阿曼北部鲁斯塔克最近被废弃的梯田地区进行了一次多方调查(制图,沉积学,土壤学,地球化学,古生态学和年代学)。目的是表征径流系统的形成,功能和管理以及其成功背后的驱动因素。在铁器时代II / III时期(特别是750-450 BCE),伊斯兰前早期时期(PIR)(特别是350-200 BCE),伊斯兰早期和中古时期(特别是8-10 C)确定了耕种的周期。 CE,公元13-14年)和伊斯兰晚期(尤其是公元17C及以后)。由于以下原因,这种扩展和多年生成为可能:1-可利用的水(尽管在这些时期发生了区域干旱,但仍存在于微区域造山带降水);2-合适的土壤(风化的地质露头,可能的风沙/粉尘颗粒);3-结合农作物和畜牧业的生产体系​​;4-随着水力技术的多样化,农业专业化(种植作物和技术)的逐步增加。这些结果在一定程度上与已知的定居集约化和经济增长阶段相符,但也揭示了在考古条件十分匮乏的恶劣条件下,小规模农村生计的持续存在。1-可利用的水(尽管在这些时期发生了区域干旱,但局部至微区域造山带降水);2-合适的土壤(风化的地质露头,可能的风沙/粉尘颗粒);3-结合农作物和畜牧业的生产体系​​;4-随着水力技术的多样化,农业专业化(种植作物和技术)的逐步增加。这些结果在一定程度上与已知的定居集约化和经济增长阶段相符,但也揭示了在考古条件十分匮乏的恶劣条件下,小规模农村生计的持续存在。1-可利用的水(尽管在这些时期发生了区域干旱,但局部至微区域造山带降水);2-合适的土壤(风化的地质露头,可能的风沙/粉尘颗粒);3-结合农作物和畜牧业的生产体系​​;4-随着水力技术的多样化,农业专业化(种植作物和技术)的逐步增加。这些结果在一定程度上与已知的定居集约化和经济增长阶段相符,但也揭示了在考古条件十分匮乏的恶劣条件下,小规模农村生计的持续存在。4-随着水力技术的多样化,农业专业化(种植作物和技术)的逐步增加。这些结果在一定程度上与已知的定居集约化和经济增长阶段相符,但也揭示了在考古条件十分匮乏的恶劣条件下,小规模农村生计的持续存在。4-随着水力技术的多样化,农业专业化(种植作物和技术)的逐步增加。这些结果在一定程度上与已知的定居集约化和经济增长阶段相符,但也揭示了在考古条件十分匮乏的恶劣条件下,小规模农村生计的持续存在。

更新日期:2021-05-15
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