1. Dolphins interact with many types of fishing gear, causing damage to fishing activities and in some cases facing harm and becoming entangled as bycatch.
2. In this study, the behaviour of bottlenose dolphins during their interaction with set nets, equipped with and without interactive pingers, was investigated. Acoustic monitoring of the nets was conducted for a total of 56 hauls and 814.9 hr of recordings, from the 16 October to 13 November 2015, along the coast of Lampedusa island (Sicilian Channel, Italy, Mediterranean Sea).
3. The level of interaction between dolphins and the nets was evaluated considering the number of dolphin clicks grouped over time (single acoustic incursion on each net), the duration of every acoustic incursion, and the number of dolphin clicks per incursion. Moreover, the catch rate was measured as the number of fish per hour for each net.
4. Based on the recording time of dolphin clicks, the spatio-temporal development of the interaction with the nets located in different bays of the island was assessed.
5. The duration of the interaction between dolphins and nets significantly increased over the study period, with a concomitant reduction in catch rate. The interactive pinger showed efficacy in protecting the nets from dolphin depredation during the first period of 36 hauls and 11 fishing days (higher catch rates and lower incursion durations), whereas no differences were found in any interaction parameters between pinger and control nets in the second period (20 hauls and six fishing days).
6. Interactive pingers may be an effective, short-term (2–3 weeks) tool in deterring depredation by bottlenose dolphins in small-scale artisanal fisheries. Other mitigation approaches, such as gear modification, lessons learned through outreach, and passive acoustic monitoring of the nets, could improve the management of the interactions between fisheries and bottlenose dolphins.

中文翻译：

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手工捕鱼、海豚和交互式 pinger：从被动声学角度进行的研究

1. 海豚与许多类型的渔具相互作用，对捕鱼活动造成损害，在某些情况下，海豚会受到伤害并被作为兼捕物缠住。
2. 在这项研究中，研究了宽吻海豚在与配备和不配备交互式 pingers 的固定网互动期间的行为。从 2015 年 10 月 16 日到 11 月 13 日，在兰佩杜萨岛（意大利西西里海峡，地中海）沿岸，对网进行了总共 56 次运输和 814.9 小时的录音。
3. 考虑到随着时间的推移分组的海豚点击次数（每个网的单一声音侵入）、每次声音侵入的持续时间以及每次侵入的海豚点击次数，评估了海豚与网之间的相互作用水平。此外，捕获率以每个网每小时的鱼数来衡量。
4. 根据海豚点击的记录时间，评估了与位于岛屿不同海湾的网的相互作用的时空发展。
5. 在研究期间，海豚和网之间相互作用的持续时间显着增加，同时捕获率降低。交互式 pinger 在 36 次捕捞和 11 个捕鱼天的第一阶段（更高的捕获率和较短的入侵持续时间）显示出保护网免受海豚掠夺的功效，而在第二个期间，pinger 和控制网之间的任何交互参数均未发现差异期间（20 次捕捞和 6 个钓鱼日）。
6. 交互式 pingers 可能是一种有效的短期（2-3 周）工具，可阻止小规模手工渔业中的宽吻海豚捕食。其他缓解方法，例如渔具改造、通过外展获得的经验教训以及网的被动声学监测，可以改善渔业和宽吻海豚之间相互作用的管理。