This study compares the variation of richness, abundance and diversity of butterfly species along an atmospheric pollution gradient and during different seasons in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area, Mexico. Likewise, we analyse the influence of environmental variables on the abundance and richness of butterfly species and quantify the indicator species for each atmospheric pollution category. Based on spatial analysis of the main atmospheric pollutants and the vegetation cover conditions, four permanent sampling sites were delimited. The sampling was carried out monthly in each of the sites using aerial entomological nets and ten Van Someren-Rydon traps during May 2018 to April 2019. A total of 8,570 specimens belonging to six families and 209 species were collected. Both species richness and abundance were significantly different between all sites, except for the comparison between the moderate contamination site and the high contamination site; diversity decreased significantly with increasing levels of contamination. The seasonality effect was absent on species richness; however, for species abundance the differences between dry season and rainy season were significant in each site excepting the moderate contamination site. Regarding diversity, the seasonal effect showed different distribution patterns according to each order. Relative humidity, vegetation cover and three pollution variables were highly correlated with both abundance and species richness. From the total number of species found, only 47 had a significant indicator value. This study constitutes the first faunistic contribution of butterflies as indicators of the environmental quality of urban areas in Mexico, which will help in the development of strategies for the management, planning and conservation of urban biodiversity.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥蒙特雷都会区沿大气污染梯度分布的蝴蝶（鳞翅目，蝶形蝶）的组成和多样性

这项研究比较了墨西哥蒙特雷都会区蝴蝶物种的丰富度，丰度和多样性随大气污染梯度和不同季节的变化。同样，我们分析了环境变量对蝴蝶物种的丰富度和丰富度的影响，并对每种大气污染类别的指标物种进行了量化。在对主要大气污染物和植被覆盖条件进行空间分析的基础上，划定了四个永久性采样点。在2018年5月至2019年4月期间，每个月都使用空中昆虫学网和十个Van Someren-Rydon陷阱在每个站点进行采样。总共收集了8570个标本，分别属于六个科和209种。所有地点之间的物种丰富度和丰度都明显不同，除了中度污染点和高污染点之间的比较之外；随着污染程度的增加，多样性显着下降。没有季节变化对物种丰富度的影响。但是，对于物种丰富度，除中度污染地区外，每个地区的旱季和雨季之间的差异都很大。关于多样性，季节性效应根据每个顺序显示出不同的分布模式。相对湿度，植被覆盖度和三个污染变量与丰度和物种丰富度高度相关。在发现的物种总数中，只有47个具有明显的指示值。这项研究构成了蝴蝶对真菌的首次贡献，以此作为墨西哥城市地区环境质量的指标，