The concept of a dynamic excitation/inhibition balance tuned by circuit disinhibition, which can shape information flow during complex behavioral tasks, has arisen as an important and conserved information-processing motif. In cortical circuits, different subtypes of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons are connected to each other, offering an anatomical foundation for disinhibitory processes. Moreover, a subpopulation of GABAergic cells that express vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) preferentially innervates inhibitory interneurons, highlighting their central role in disinhibitory modulation. We discuss inhibitory neuron subtypes involved in disinhibition, with a focus on local circuits and long-range synaptic connections that drive disinhibitory function. We highlight multiple layers of disinhibition across cortical circuits that regulate behavior and serve to maintain an excitation/inhibition balance.

由电路去抑制调节的动态激发/抑制平衡的概念可以在复杂的行为任务中塑造信息流，已成为重要且保守的信息处理主题。在皮质回路中，不同亚型的 GABA 能抑制中间神经元相互连接，为去抑制过程提供解剖学基础。此外，表达血管活性肠多肽 (VIP) 的 GABA 能细胞亚群优先支配抑制性中间神经元，突出了它们在去抑制调节中的核心作用。我们讨论了参与去抑制的抑制性神经元亚型，重点是驱动去抑制功能的局部回路和远程突触连接。