Social optimization emerged as a strategy for the attainment of more efficient road traffic (i.e., minimal total or average travel time). In order to achieve efficiency benefits, collective action is needed. A major challenge is that not every individual benefits equally from social optimization. Thus, a corresponding technological implementation (i.e., a social optimizing traveler information system (SOTIS)) is prone to rejection. The question remains as to which factors underlie the acceptance of such a system. Therefore a sample of 391 car drivers in Germany, stratified by kilometers driven per year, age and gender, completed a scenario-based questionnaire addressing attitudinal acceptance of a SOTIS.

The results indicate that participants reacted rather hesitantly towards incorporating a SOTIS into daily driving. Indeed, structural equation modeling revealed that the behavioral intention to use it was promoted by its perceived usefulness. However, this intention was negatively affected by elicited subjective ambivalence (i.e., simultaneous conducive and opposing affect towards the SOTIS). Opposition in subjective ambivalence could be explained by perceived injustice. Social factors (i.e., a social norm and image gains due to using the system) were positively associated with perceived usefulness. The high social dependency and the effect for perceived injustice were not replicated in a second sample of 111 drivers that evaluated a user-optimizing traveler information system (UOTIS).

The results suggest to taking active ambivalence reduction through transparent prevention of injustice, and the promotion of a conducive social norm into account in the planning and design of a SOTIS. Additionally, this study provides an empirically tested framework for examining the emergence and maintenance of acceptance of such a system.

社会优化已成为实现更高效道路交通（即，最少的总旅行时间或平均旅行时间）的战略。为了获得效率收益，需要采取集体行动。一个主要的挑战是，并非每个人都能从社会优化中平等地受益。因此，相应的技术实现（即，社会优化旅行者信息系统（SOTIS））容易被拒绝。问题是，哪些因素是接受这种系统的基础。因此，对德国391名汽车驾驶员进行了抽样调查，按每年行驶的公里数，年龄和性别进行分层，从而完成了基于情景的问卷调查，以解决SOTIS在态度上的接受程度。

结果表明，参与者对将SOTIS纳入日常驾驶相当犹豫。确实，结构方程建模显示，使用它的行为意图是由其感知的有用性促进的。但是，这种意图受到所引起的主观矛盾的消极影响（即对SOTIS的同时有利和不利影响）。主观矛盾的反对可以用不公正感来解释。社会因素（即由于使用该系统而产生的社会规范和形象提升）与感知的有用性正相关。在对111位驾驶员进行了第二次抽样评估的用户样本中，并没有重现高度的社会依赖性和对不公正现象的影响，该样本评估了用户优化旅行者信息系统（UOTIS）。

结果表明，应通过透明地防止不公正现象来积极减少矛盾情绪，并在SOTIS的规划和设计中考虑建立有益的社会规范。此外，这项研究提供了一个经过实验检验的框架，用于检查这种系统的出现和维持。