Work is frequently on the minds of employees—even during evenings, weekends, and vacations. The present study is the first comprehensive meta-analysis of off-job work-related thoughts (WRTs; i.e., thoughts employees have about work when they are not at work). We were particularly interested in comparing off-job positive and negative work-related thoughts (PWRTs and NWRTs; i.e., thoughts about positive/negative work experiences or characteristics) to each other and other off-job WRT constructs, which we integrated into a typology. We coded 520 effect sizes from 171 independent samples (N = 58,682) and conducted a random-effects, individual-correction meta-analysis. We found that PWRTs and NWRTs were unrelated, and psychological detachment was negatively related to NWRTs but unrelated to PWRTs. Furthermore, PWRTs and NWRTs exhibited significantly different relationships with various antecedents (e.g., age, negative affectivity) and outcomes (e.g., work engagement, burnout). Compared to PWRTs and NWRTs, psychological detachment and problem-solving pondering exhibited generally weaker relationships with outcomes. NWRTs contaminated with negative affective strains (i.e., negative work-related thoughts and feelings) exhibited generally stronger relationships with outcomes. Overall, our meta-analytic findings indicate that PWRTs and NWRTs are different and underscore the importance of empirically and conceptually separating PWRTs and NWRTs from each other and other off-job WRT constructs. The findings also complement the nascent literature on interventions that target promoting PWRTs and reducing NWRTs.

员工经常会想到工作，即使在晚上，周末和假期也是如此。本研究是对下班后与工作相关的想法（WRT；即员工不在工作时对工作的想法）的首次综合荟萃分析。我们特别感兴趣的是将彼此下班的积极和消极的工作相关的思想（PWRT和NWRT；即关于积极/消极的工作经历或特征的思想）相互比较，以及将其他与休假的WRT构造进行比较，我们将其整合为一种类型。我们从171个独立样本（N= 58682），并进行了随机效果，个体校正的荟萃分析。我们发现，PWRT和NWRT无关，心理支离与NWRT负相关，但与PWRT无关。此外，PWRT和NWRT与各种先行因素（例如年龄，负面情感）和结果（例如工作投入，倦怠）之间存在显着不同的关系。与PWRT和NWRT相比，心理超支和解决问题的思考与结果的关系通常较弱。被负面情感压力（即与工作相关的负面思想和情感）污染的NWRT与结果之间的关系通常更强。全面的，我们的荟萃分析发现表明，PWRT和NWRT是不同的，并且强调了从经验和概念上将PWRT和NWRT彼此分离以及与其他非工作WRT构造分离的重要性。这些发现还补充了有关旨在推广PWRT和减少NWRT的干预措施的新生文献。