Nowadays, air pollution has become a prominent environmental problem and has attracted much attention. With the increase of vehicle retention quantity, the exhaust emissions have become the main sources of air pollution. To reduce pollution and hazards, vehicle exhaust emission regulations are becoming stricter and stricter, which puts forward higher requirements for purification of vehicle exhausts. At present, rare earths have been widely applied in vehicle exhaust purification because of their good catalytic performance, which is attributed to their unique 4f electron layer structure occupied without full electrons, excellent oxygen storage/release capacity and redox ability. In this paper, the current status of rare earth catalysts and application of rare earth in different fuel vehicle exhaust catalysts, including three-way catalysts (TWCs) for gasoline vehicles, diesel exhaust catalysts for different pollutants (particulate matter (PM), NO_x, CO and HC) and catalysts for new energy vehicles with different fuels, are summarized in detail. Meanwhile, the corresponding mechanisms and the role of rare earth in vehicle exhaust catalysts are also simultaneously described. Furthermore, the challenges and development directions of rare earth catalysts for the purification of vehicle exhausts are also proposed.

当今，空气污染已成为突出的环境问题，备受关注。随着机动车保有量的增加，尾气排放已成为大气污染的主要来源。为减少污染和危害，汽车尾气排放法规越来越严格，对汽车尾气净化提出了更高的要求。目前，稀土由于其独特的无全电子占据的4f电子层结构、优异的储氧能力和氧化还原能力，因其良好的催化性能在汽车尾气净化中得到了广泛的应用。本文介绍了稀土催化剂的现状以及稀土在不同燃料汽车尾气催化剂中的应用，_x , CO 和 HC) 以及不同燃料的新能源汽车催化剂，进行了详细总结。同时，也同时描述了稀土在汽车尾气催化剂中的相应机理和作用。此外，还提出了稀土催化剂在汽车尾气净化方面的挑战和发展方向。