Objective

Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, childhood adversities, and personality aspects have been identified as contributing to the onset and course of depression. However, only few studies examined all aspects concomitantly in different populations. This was the objective of the study presented here.

Methods

The BiDirect Study includes three distinct cohorts: Cross-sectional data for 670 patients with depression (DEP), 283 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and 787 population controls (POP) were available for the present analysis. Participants answered interviews and filled in questionnaires assessing depression details, childhood trauma, the Big Five personality traits, trait resilience as well as socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Descriptive statistics and hierarchical linear regression analyses were employed to identify those factors, which contributed significantly to the explanation of depression severity scores (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CESD).

Results

In all three cohorts, the psychological variables explained most variance in depression scores (35–44%), while sociodemographic and lifestyle factors explained only very little variance (1–2%). When all postulated predictors were entered in the same regression model, higher neuroticism and lower resilience scores were associated with higher depression severity levels in all three cohorts, while higher childhood trauma proved significant in the cardiovascular and population cohort.

Conclusion

Childhood trauma, neuroticism, and low resilience are significantly associated with depression in different populations. Although a considerable part of the variance in depression severity levels was explained by the variables studied here, more research on the impact of lifestyle and social factors on depression is needed.

中文翻译：

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与社会人口统计学和生活方式因素相比，童年创伤和个性更能解释抑郁评分的差异——BiDirect 研究的结果

客观的

社会人口统计学和生活方式因素、童年逆境和个性方面已被确定为导致抑郁症的发生和发展。然而，只有少数研究同时检查了不同人群的所有方面。这是这里介绍的研究的目标。

方法

BiDirect 研究包括三个不同的队列：670 名抑郁症 (DEP) 患者、283 名心血管疾病 (CVD) 患者和 787 名人群对照 (POP) 的横断面数据可用于本分析。参与者回答了采访并填写了评估抑郁症细节、童年创伤、五大人格特质、特质韧性以及社会经济和生活方式因素的问卷。采用描述性统计和分层线性回归分析来确定这些因素，这些因素对解释抑郁症严重程度评分（由流行病学研究中心抑郁量表，CES D评估）做出了重要贡献。

结果

在所有三个队列中，心理变量解释了抑郁评分的最大差异（35-44%），而社会人口统计学和生活方式因素仅解释了很少的差异（1-2%）。当所有假设的预测因素都输入相同的回归模型时，在所有三个队列中，较高的神经质和较低的韧性评分与较高的抑郁严重程度相关，而在心血管和人口队列中，较高的儿童期创伤被证明是显着的。

结论

童年创伤、神经质和低弹性与不同人群的抑郁症显着相关。尽管这里研究的变量解释了抑郁症严重程度的很大一部分差异，但还需要对生活方式和社会因素对抑郁症的影响进行更多研究。