Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been traditionally considered a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting children and adolescents characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, disruptive behavior, and impulsivity. Although still debated, it is evident that ADHD is also present in adulthood, but this diagnosis is rarely carried out, mainly for the frequent comorbidity with other psychiatric and/or substance abuse disorders. Given the need to shed more light on the pharmacological treatment of ADHD, we performed a naturalistic review to review and comment on the available literature of ADHD treatment across the lifespan. Indeed, stimulants are endowed of a prompt efficacy and safety, whilst non-stimulants, although requiring some weeks to be fully effective, are useful when a substance abuse history is detected. In any case, the pharmacological management of ADHD appears to be still largely influenced by the individual experience of the clinicians. Further longitudinal studies with a careful and detailed characterization of participants across different phases of the lifespan are also required to provide relevant confirmations (or denials) regarding pharmacological treatments amongst the different age groups.

注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 传统上被认为是一种影响儿童和青少年的神经发育障碍，其特征是注意力不集中、多动、破坏性行为和冲动。尽管仍有争议，但很明显 ADHD 也存在于成年期，但这种诊断很少进行，主要是因为与其他精神和/或药物滥用障碍的频繁合并症。鉴于需要更多地了解 ADHD 的药物治疗，我们进行了自然回顾，以回顾和评论现有的 ADHD 治疗文献。事实上，兴奋剂具有迅速的功效和安全性，而非兴奋剂虽然需要数周才能完全有效，但在检测到药物滥用史时很有用。任何状况之下，ADHD 的药物治疗似乎在很大程度上仍受临床医生个人经验的影响。还需要进一步的纵向研究，对不同年龄阶段的参与者进行仔细和详细的表征，以提供有关不同年龄组药物治疗的相关确认（或否认）。