The study represents the seasonal characteristics (carbonaceous aerosols and elements) and the contribution of prominent sources of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in the high altitude of the eastern Himalaya (Darjeeling) during August 2018–July 2019. Carbonaceous aerosols [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), and water soluble organic carbon (WSOC)] and elements (Al, Fe, Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cl, P, S, K, Zr, Pb, Na, Mg, Ca, and B) in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were analyzed to estimate their possible sources. The annual concentrations of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were computed as 37±12 μg m⁻³ and 58±18 μg m⁻³, respectively. In the present case, total carbonaceous species in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were accounted for 20.6% of PM_2.5 and 18.6% of PM₁₀, respectively, whereas trace elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were estimated to be 15% of PM_2.5 and 12% of PM₁₀, respectively. Monthly and seasonal variations in mass concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were also observed during the observational period. In PM_2.5, the annual concentrations of POC and SOC were 2.35 ± 1.06 μg m⁻³ (66% of OC) and 1.19±0.57 μg m⁻³ (34% of OC), respectively, whereas annual average POC and SOC concentrations in PM₁₀ were 3.18 ± 1.13 μg m⁻³ (63% of OC) and 2.05±0.98 μg m⁻³ (37% of OC), respectively. The seasonal contribution of POC and SOC were ranging from 55 to 77% and 33 to 45% of OC in PM_2.5, respectively, whereas in PM₁₀, the seasonal contributions of POC and SOC were ranging from 51 to 73% and 37 to 49% of OC, respectively. The positive relationship between OC & EC and OC & WSOC of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ during all the seasons (except monsoon in case of PM₁₀) indicates their common sources. The enrichment factors (EFs) and significant positive correlation of Al with othe crustal elements (Fe, Ca, Mg, and Ti) of fine and coarse mode aerosols indicate the influence of mineral dust at Darjeeling. Principal component analysis (PCA) resolved the four common sources (biomass burning + fossil fuel combustion (BB + FFC), crustal/soil dust, vehicular emissions (VE), and industrial emissions (IE)) of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Darjeeling.

该研究代表了2018 年 8 月至 2019 年 7 月期间喜马拉雅山东部（大吉岭）高海拔地区PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀突出来源的季节性特征（碳质气溶胶和元素）和贡献。碳质气溶胶 [有机碳 (OC) 、元素碳 (EC) 和水溶性有机碳 (WSOC)] 和元素（Al、Fe、Ti、Cu、Zn、Mn、Cr、Ni、Mo、Cl、P、S、K、Zr、Pb、Na分析了 PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀中的、Mg、Ca 和 B)以估计它们的可能来源。PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀的年浓度计算为 37±12 μg m ^-3和 58±18 μg m ^-3， 分别。在本情况下，在PM总含碳物种_2.5和PM ₁₀中占PM 20.6％_2.5和PM的18.6％₁₀分别，而在PM微量元素_2.5和PM ₁₀估计为PM的15％_2.5和分别为 PM _{10 的}12% 。在观测期间还观察到PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀中碳质气溶胶和元素质量浓度的月度和季节性变化。在 PM _{2.5 中}，POC 和 SOC 的年浓度分别为 2.35±1.06 μg m ^-3（OC 的 66%）和 1.19±0.57 μg m⁻³（OC 的 34%），而 PM ₁₀中年平均 POC 和 SOC 浓度分别为 3.18 ± 1.13 μg m ^-3（OC 的 63%）和 2.05±0.98 μg m ^-3（OC 的 37%），分别。POC 和 SOC 的季节性贡献在 PM _2.5中分别为 OC 的 55% 到 77% 和 33% 到 45% ，而在 PM _{10 中}，POC 和 SOC 的季节性贡献范围为 51% 到 73% 和 37% 到 49% % 的 OC，分别。PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀在所有季节（PM _{10 的}季风除外）的OC & EC 和 OC & WSOC 之间的正相关关系) 表示它们的共同来源。细、粗模式气溶胶的富集因子 (EFs) 和 Al 与其他地壳元素 (Fe、Ca、Mg 和 Ti) 的显着正相关表明大吉岭矿尘的影响。主成分分析 (PCA) 解决了大吉岭PM _2.5和 PM ₁₀的四种常见来源（生物质燃烧 + 化石燃料燃烧 (BB + FFC)、地壳/土壤粉尘、车辆排放 (VE) 和工业排放 (IE)）.