Recent European Green Deal includes decision to become carbon neutral and even carbon negative region in order to tackle the climate crisis. Main technical challenge and a key factor in techno-economic analysis of the energy system of the future, based on variable renewable energy sources, is their variable production and its integration. In order to deal with this problem in long-term energy planning, different approaches have been tried, focusing on overcapacity, storage capacities and sectors coupling with heating and transport. In this research, different flexibility options, storage and demand response technologies are modelled on a national energy systems level. With the case study area modelled in EnergyPLAN model, the goal of the research is to show how each flexibility option influences the economically feasible generation capacities of renewable energy sources, storage technologies and demand response in order to reach a certain share of renewable energy in final energy consumed. To follow the numerous possible configurations of the system, flexibility index for each option and a flexibility vector for each scenario are introduced. Results show which flexibility options play key role in important steps of energy transition to 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% RES energy system.

最近的《欧洲绿色协议》包括决定成为碳中和甚至是碳负地区，以应对气候危机。基于可变的可再生能源，未来能源系统的技术经济分析中的主要技术挑战和关键因素是可变产品的生产及其集成。为了在长期能源计划中解决此问题，已尝试了不同的方法，着重于产能过剩，存储容量以及与供热和运输相结合的部门。在这项研究中，不同的灵活性选项，存储和需求响应技术均以国家能源系统为模型。以在EnergyPLAN模型中建模的案例研究区域，研究的目的是说明每种灵活性选项如何影响可再生能源，存储技术和需求响应的经济可行发电能力，以便在最终消耗的能源中达到一定比例的可再生能源。为了遵循系统的众多可能配置，引入了每个选项的灵活性索引和每种方案的灵活性向量。结果表明，在将能源转换为RES能源系统的70％，80％，90％和100％的重要步骤中，哪些灵活性选项起着关键作用。介绍了每个选项的灵活性指标和每种方案的灵活性向量。结果表明，在将能源转换为RES能源系统的70％，80％，90％和100％的重要步骤中，哪些灵活性选项起着关键作用。介绍了每个选项的灵活性指标和每种方案的灵活性向量。结果表明，在将能源转换为RES能源系统的70％，80％，90％和100％的重要步骤中，哪些灵活性选项起着关键作用。