ABSTRACT

Objective/Background

Self-reported sleep difficulties, such as insomnia symptoms, have been reported among adolescents. Yet, studies of their prevalence and correlates are scarce among Latin Americans. This study sought (1) to describe associations between sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with self-reported sleep difficulties and (2) to examine associations between self-reported sleep difficulties and actigraphy-based sleep.

Participants

Participants included 477 Mexican adolescents from the ELEMENT cohort.

Methods

Over 7 days, self-reported sleep measures (hard time falling asleep, overall sleep difficulties, and specific types of sleep difficulties) were obtained from daily sleep diaries. Actigraphy-based sleep measures (duration, i.e. sleep onset to morning wake, midpoint, and fragmentation) were concurrently assessed using a wrist actigraph.

Results

Mean (SD) age was 15.9 (2.2) years, and 53.5% were females. Mean (SD) sleep duration was 8.5 (1.2) h/night. Half reported a hard time falling asleep at least 3 days, and 25% had sleep difficulties at least 3 days over 7 days. The 3 types of sleep difficulties commonly reported among the entire cohort were insomnia/restlessness (29%), environmental (27%), and mental/emotional difficulties (19%). Female sex, smoking behavior, and socioeconomic indicators were among the most consistent factors associated with sleep difficulties. Subjective sleep difficulties were associated with shorter sleep duration (β = −20.8 [−35.3, −6.2] min), while subjective hard time falling asleep was associated with longer sleep duration (β = 11.3 [4.6, 27.2] min).

Conclusion

A high proportion of Mexican adolescents in the sample reported sleep difficulties. Findings demonstrate the importance of obtaining subjective and objective sleep measures for a more comprehensive assessment of adolescent sleep.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥青少年睡眠困难：睡眠的主观和客观评估

摘要

目的/背景

自我报告的睡眠困难，例如失眠症状，已在青少年中报告。然而，拉丁美洲人对其流行率和相关性的研究很少。本研究旨在 (1) 描述社会人口学和生活方式因素与自我报告的睡眠困难之间的关联，以及 (2) 检查自我报告的睡眠困难与基于活动记录的睡眠之间的关联。

参加者

参与者包括来自 ELEMENT 队列的 477 名墨西哥青少年。

方法

在 7 天内，从每日睡眠日记中获得自我报告的睡眠测量值（难以入睡、整体睡眠困难和特定类型的睡眠困难）。基于活动记录仪的睡眠测量（持续时间，即睡眠开始到清晨醒来、中点和碎片化）同时使用腕部活动记录仪进行评估。

结果

平均 (SD) 年龄为 15.9 (2.2) 岁，53.5% 为女性。平均 (SD) 睡眠持续时间为 8.5 (1.2) 小时/晚。一半的人报告至少有 3 天难以入睡，25% 的人在 7 天内至少有 3 天有睡眠困难。整个队列中常见的 3 种睡眠困难类型是失眠/烦躁不安 (29%)、环境 (27%) 和精神/情绪困难 (19%)。女性、吸烟行为和社会经济指标是与睡眠困难相关的最一致的因素。主观睡眠困难与较短的睡眠时间相关（β = -20.8 [-35.3, -6.2] 分钟），而主观入睡困难时间与较长的睡眠时间相关（β = 11.3 [4.6, 27.2] 分钟）。

结论

样本中很大一部分墨西哥青少年报告存在睡眠困难。研究结果表明获得主观和客观睡眠测量对于更全面地评估青少年睡眠的重要性。