Introduction: Highway-rail at-grade crossings (HRGCs) are critical locations where a railway and a roadway intersect with one another. Crashes at those locations often result in fatalities and economic and social damages due to the impacts on both road and rail users. The main purpose of countermeasures at HRGCs is to permit safe and efficient rail and highway operations. Method: Countermeasures at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) considered in this study include all traffic control devices and other warning and barrier devices at or on approaches to crossings. In general, active devices are commonly accepted as more effective countermeasures than passive devices. However, many of the previous effectiveness studies are either at the project level or were conducted without considering the before-improvement condition. This study focuses on the network-level marginal effectiveness of countermeasures on crash rate and severity levels during the 29-year study period from 1990 to 2018 by fully considering before-improvement control levels. A competing risk model (CRM) is able to accommodate the competing nature of crash severities as multiple outcomes from the same event of interest, which is crash occurrence in this study. Subsequently, CRM is used in this study as an integrated one-step estimation approach that investigates both crash frequency and severity likelihood over time. Results: The study findings indicate that adding audible devices to crossings already equipped with gates will result in a considerable annual decline in crash occurrence likelihood (0.25%). The same device installed at crossings already controlled by gates and flashing lights results in less reduction in crash occurrence likelihood of 0.14%. Moreover, adding a stop sign to the active crossing controls of gates, standard flashing lights, and audible devices will lead to a decrease in the probability of crash occurrence and severe crashes (injury and fatal). However, adding stop signs to crossings equipped only with crossbucks will increase the crash occurrence.

简介：公路-铁路平交路口 (HRGC) 是铁路和道路相互交叉的关键位置。由于对公路和铁路用户的影响，这些地点的撞车事故通常会导致人员伤亡以及经济和社会损失。HRGC 对策的主要目的是允许安全高效的铁路和公路运营。方法：本研究中考虑的公路-铁路平交道口 (HRGC) 的对策包括所有交通控制设备以及在交叉口处或交叉口处的其他警告和屏障设备。一般而言，有源设备通常被认为是比无源设备更有效的对策。然而，之前的许多有效性研究要么是在项目层面，要么是在没有考虑改进前的条件下进行的。本研究通过充分考虑改进前的控制水平，重点研究了 1990 年至 2018 年的 29 年研究期间，针对事故率和严重程度的对策的网络级边际有效性。竞争风险模型 (CRM) 能够将碰撞严重性的竞争性质适应为来自同一感兴趣事件的多个结果，即本研究中的碰撞发生。结果：研究结果表明，在已经配备闸门的路口增加发声设备将导致事故发生概率每年大幅下降 (0.25%)。在已经由闸门和闪光灯控制的十字路口安装相同的设备，可以将碰撞发生的可能性降低 0.14%。此外，在闸门、标准闪光灯和音响设备的主动交叉控制中添加停车标志将导致碰撞发生和严重碰撞（受伤和致命）的概率降低。但是，在仅配备交叉车的十字路口添加停车标志会增加碰撞发生率。