Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in heavy metal(loid) pollution in aquatic environments in China. It may be beneficial to dredge sediments with low levels of metal(loid) contamination and utilize the nutrient-rich sediments in agricultural applications. However, relatively little is known about the human health risks from heavy metal(loid)s and nutrients in river sediments. In this study, sediment pollution levels and human health risks from seven heavy metal(loid)s and a range of nutrients in Fuchunjiang River (Ningbo, Zhejiang) sediment were investigated in eleven surface samples. Higher Zn, Cd, Cu, As, Pb, Ni, and Cr concentrations were measured in surface sediments compared with local background concentrations. Geoaccumulation index (I_geo) values show that sediments are moderately to heavily polluted by Cd and Zn, moderately polluted by Cu, and unpolluted to moderately polluted by As, Ni, and Pb. The concentrations of As, Zn, Ni, and Cr pose a risk to aquatic biota. However, mean metal(loid)s concentrations were lower than intervention values stated in GB15618-2018 (the State Standard of the People’s Republic of China). The hazard index (HI) and cancer risk (CR) values for humans were lower than acceptable levels, suggesting little or no health risks from heavy metal(loid) contaminated sediments. The high organic matter (OM) and available potassium (AK) concentrations and low alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (AN) concentration suggest that the river sediments are suitable for agricultural utilization and would provide valuable resources for agricultural soils.