1. High elevation lakes are extreme ecosystems and serve as sentinels of various global changes.
2. An expedition to Volcán Llullaillaco in 1996 discovered an unstudied high-elevation lake (6,170 m a.s.l.) that probably was formed as a result of the past eruptive events or climatic processes such as glacial retreat in the lake basin.
3. This article describes an initial physical characterization of the lake and its microbial communities derived from two sampling expeditions in 2013 and 2016.
4. The microbial community in the lake, with an area between 1.2 and 1.4 ha and a depth of 6.8 m, was dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Haloarchaea. In addition, 26 bacterial isolates were identified within the genera Subtercola, Xylophilus, Rhodanobacter, Mesorhizobium and Pseudomonas.
5. Lago Llullaillaco is one of the highest recorded lakes in the world, and this study highlights the unique microbial diversity of this aquatic ecosystem and the importance of its preservation to understand the complex biological processes under polyextreme conditions.

中文翻译：

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深入了解 Volcán Llullaillaco 上未描述的高海拔湖泊（海拔 6,170 米）：物理和微生物学观点

1. 高海拔湖泊是极端生态系统，是各种全球变化的哨兵。
2. 1996 年对 Volcán Llullaillaco 的一次探险发现了一个未经研究的高海拔湖泊 (6,170 m asl)，它可能是由于过去的喷发事件或湖盆冰川退缩等气候过程而形成的。
3. 本文描述了湖泊及其微生物群落的初步物理特征，这些特征来自 2013 年和 2016 年的两次采样探险。
4. 湖内微生物群落面积1.2~1.4公顷，深度6.8 m，以变形菌、放线菌和盐古菌为主。此外，26株细菌进行鉴定属内Subtercola，松材线虫，Rhodanobacter，慢生根瘤菌和假单胞菌。
5. Lago Llullaillaco 湖是世界上记录最高的湖泊之一，这项研究强调了这个水生生态系统独特的微生物多样性及其保存对了解多极端条件下复杂生物过程的重要性。