Sustainability and efficiency in irrigation are essential in the management of the water–energy–food nexus to reach the Sustainable Development Goals in 2030. In irrigation systems, the reduction of energy consumption is required to improve the system efficiency and consequently the sustainability indicators of the water network. The use of pumps working as turbines (PATs) has been a feasible solution to recover the excess of energy where pressure reduction valves are installed. This research demonstrates the use of PATs under steady and unsteady conditions by analyzing the application in a real irrigation networks located in Vallada (Valencia, Spain). The study shows the possibility of recovering 44 MWh/year using PATs installed upstream of the irrigation hydrants. The real behavior of the PAT operation in a stand-alone recovery energy solution allowed analysis of the flow, head and efficiency variation as a function of the rotational speed, as well as the minimum capacitance to self-excite the generator and the resistive load of the electrical circuit. The PAT limit is examined in terms of the overpressure induced by a fast closure manoeuvre of hydrants, and the runaway conditions due to the disconnection from the electrical load.

中文翻译：

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加压灌溉水龙头中的PATs行为走向可持续发展

灌溉的可持续性和效率对于水-能源-食物关系的管理至关重要，以实现2030年的可持续发展目标。在灌溉系统中，需要减少能源消耗以提高系统效率，因此需要提高灌溉系统的可持续性指标。水网络。使用泵作为涡轮机（PAT）已成为在安装了减压阀的情况下回收多余能量的可行解决方案。通过分析位于瓦拉达（西班牙瓦伦西亚）的实际灌溉网络中的应用，该研究证明了PAT在稳定和不稳定条件下的使用。研究表明，使用安装在灌溉栓上游的PAT可以每年回收44兆瓦时。在独立的回收能源解决方案中，PAT操作的实际行为允许分析流量，扬程和效率变化，这些变化是转速的函数，以及发电机自激的最小电容和发电机的电阻负载电路。根据消防栓的快速关闭动作引起的超压，以及由于与电力负载断开而导致的失控情况，来检查PAT极限。