Reverse osmosis is the leading technology for desalination of brackish water and seawater, important for solving the growing problems of fresh water supply. Thermal technologies such as multi-effect distillation and multi-stage flash distillation still comprise an important portion of the world’s desalination capacity. They consume substantial amounts of energy, generally obtained from fossil fuels, due to their low efficiency. Hybridization is a strategy that seeks to reduce the weaknesses and enhance the advantages of each element that makes it up. This paper introduces a review of the most recent publications on hybridizations between reverse osmosis and thermal desalination technologies, as well as their integration with renewable energies as a requirement to decarbonize desalination processes. Different configurations provide improvements in key elements of the system to reduce energy consumption, brine production, and contamination, while improving product quality and production rate. A combination of renewable sources and use of energy and water storage systems allow for improving the reliability of hybrid systems.

中文翻译：

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通过反渗透的杂交和整合的最新海水淡化技术：审查。

反渗透是咸淡水和海水淡化的领先技术，对于解决日益增长的淡水供应问题非常重要。多效蒸馏和多级闪蒸等热力技术仍占世界脱盐能力的重要组成部分。由于效率低，它们消耗大量能量，通常从化石燃料中获取能量。杂交是一种旨在减少弱点并增强构成它的每个元素的优势的策略。本文介绍了有关反渗透和热淡化技术之间杂交的最新出版物的综述，以及它们与可再生能源的整合，这是使脱盐过程脱碳的要求。不同的配置对系统的关键要素进行了改进，以减少能耗，盐水产生和污染，同时提高产品质量和生产率。可再生资源与能源和水存储系统的使用相结合，可以提高混合系统的可靠性。