The burning of fossil fuels is an unsustainable activity, which is leading to an increase in greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions and related global warming. Among sustainable energy sources, microalgae represent a promising alternative to fossil fuel and contribute to the achievement of important Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, the potential contribution of marine microalgae to sustainable development is large as, among other benefits, they represent a carbon negative energy source and may be applied in many coastal areas around the world. Despite this, significant economic and technological improvements are needed in order to make microalgae biofuels viable on a large scale. This review aims to explore how and to what extent third-generation biofuels (marine microalgae, but also the latest advances in freshwater microalgae) can benefit the realization of these SDGs. From this study we concluded that the production of large-scale marine microalgae biofuels is not yet feasible from the economic perspective at a large scale. However, the cultivation of microalgae in seawater holds great potential for increasing the small to medium viability of this biofuel source. The possibilities for improvement along with the contributions to sustainable development lay the groundwork for continuing to study and apply the potential of sustainable production of microalgae bioenergy.

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海洋微藻对可持续发展的贡献

化石燃料的燃烧是不可持续的活动，导致温室气体（GHGs）排放量增加以及相关的全球变暖。在可持续能源中，微藻是化石燃料的有前途的替代品，并有助于实现重要的可持续发展目标（SDG）。特别是，海洋微藻类对可持续发展的潜在贡献是巨大的，因为除其他益处外，它们代表了碳负能量来源，并可能在世界许多沿海地区得到应用。尽管如此，为了使微藻生物燃料大规模可行，仍需要显着的经济和技术改进。这篇评论旨在探讨第三代生物燃料（海洋微藻，而且淡水微藻类的最新进展也可以帮助实现这些可持续发展目标。从这项研究中，我们得出结论，从经济角度看，大规模生产海洋微藻生物燃料尚不可行。然而，在海水中微藻的培养具有增加这种生物燃料来源的中小型生存能力的巨大潜力。改进的可能性以及对可持续发展的贡献为继续研究和应用微藻生物能源可持续生产的潜力奠定了基础。在海水中培养微藻具有巨大潜力，可以提高这种生物燃料来源的中小型生存能力。改进的可能性以及对可持续发展的贡献为继续研究和应用微藻生物能源可持续生产的潜力奠定了基础。在海水中培养微藻具有巨大潜力，可以提高这种生物燃料来源的中小型生存能力。改进的可能性以及对可持续发展的贡献为继续研究和应用微藻生物能源可持续生产的潜力奠定了基础。