Single Gyrotropic Particle as a Heat Engine,ACS Photonics

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Single Gyrotropic Particle as a Heat Engine
ACS Photonics ( IF 6.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-14 , DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.0c01920
Yu Guo ₁ , Shanhui Fan ₁

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When a gyrotropic nanoparticle is out of thermal equilibrium with its surrounding vacuum environment, the particle experiences a torque and hence behaves as a heat engine. We prove that the efficiency of such a heat engine is tightly bound by the Carnot efficiency limit. To approach the Carnot efficiency limit, the key requirements are to achieve strong nonreciprocity and to suppress the reciprocal components of the thermal radiation. These requirements can be satisfied with a magnetized hyperbolic metamaterial model. Our analysis highlights the conceptual connection between nonequilibrium Casimir forces, and general thermodynamic constraints on electromagnetic fluctuations.

中文翻译：

单回旋粒子作为热机

当回旋纳米粒子与其周围的真空环境失去热平衡时，粒子会经历扭矩并因此表现为热机。我们证明这种热机的效率受到卡诺效率极限的严格约束。要接近卡诺效率极限，关键要求是实现强非互易性并抑制热辐射的互易分量。磁化双曲超材料模型可以满足这些要求。我们的分析强调了非平衡卡西米尔力与电磁涨落的一般热力学约束之间的概念联系。

更新日期：2021-06-17

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