Various models of subjective culture (measures of self-reports) have been proposed since Hofstede’s original work but none of them have been validated by showing that they have analogs in objective culture (measures of societal practices). Inspired by Bardi and Schwartz’s discovery that Schwartz’s individual-level circumplex values model has an exact equivalent in a model of behaviors, we develop a test for the purpose of validating models of culture. We apply this test to Minkov’s revised two-dimensional variant of Hofstede’s subjective-culture model, consisting of individualism-collectivism (IDV-COLL) and flexibility-monumentalism (FLX-MON) (formerly “long-term orientation”), as Fog recently found that an analog to this model incorporates and summarizes all major validated models and dimensions of national culture. We analyze national measures of important social practices associated empirically and theoretically with IDV-COLL and FLX-MON: transparency-corruption, gender equality, political freedom, road death tolls, homicide rates, family structures, innovation rates, and educational effort and achievement. These yielded close analogs to IDV-COLL and FLX-MON, with similar factor structures across nations and across the 50 US states, explicable in terms of IDV-COLL, FLX-MON, and life-history strategy (LHS) theories. Thus, subjective culture structures have mirror images in objective culture structures. This provides validation for our test, for the Minkov-Hofstede two-dimensional model of culture, for the use of nations and some sub-national political entities as units of cultural analysis, as well as for IDV-COLL, FLX-MON, and LHS theories.

自从霍夫斯泰德（Hofstede）的原始著作以来，已经提出了各种主观文化模型（自我报告的量度），但都没有通过证明它们在客观文化（社会实践的量度）中具有类似物而得到验证。受巴尔迪（Bardi）和施瓦茨（Schwartz）的发现启发，施瓦茨（Schwartz）的个人水平环回价值模型与行为模型完全相同，我们开发了一个测试来验证文化模型。我们将此检验应用于霍夫斯泰德主观文化模型的Minkov修订的二维变体，该模型包括个人主义-集体主义（IDV-COLL）和灵活性-纪念主义（FLX-MON）（以前称为“长期取向”），如最近的Fog发现该模型的类似物包含并总结了所有主要的经过验证的民族文化模型和范围。我们根据经验和理论分析与IDV-COLL和FLX-MON相关的重要社会实践的国家措施：透明腐败，性别平等，政治自由，道路死亡人数，凶杀率，家庭结构，创新率以及教育努力和成就。这些产生了与IDV-COLL和FLX-MON相似的模型，在美国和美国50个州之间具有相似的因子结构，可以用IDV-COLL，FLX-MON和生命历史策略（LHS）理论来解释。因此，主观文化结构在客观文化结构中具有镜像。这为我们的测试，Minkov-Hofstede二维文化模型，将国家和某些国家以下政治实体用作文化分析单位以及IDV-COLL，FLX-MON和LHS理论。