The intensity of extreme precipitation has been projected to increase with increasing air temperature according to the thermodynamic Clausius–Clapeyron (C-C) relation. Over the last decade, observational studies have succeeded in demonstrating the scaling relationship between extreme precipitation and temperature to understand the projected changes. In mid-latitude coastal regions, intense precipitation is strongly influenced by synoptic patterns and a particular characteristic is the long-lasting heavy precipitation driven by abundant moisture transport. However, the effect of synoptic patterns on the scaling relationship remains unclear. Here we conduct an event-based analysis using long-term historical records in Japan, to distinguish extreme precipitation arising from different synoptic patterns. We find that event peak intensity increases more sharply in persistent precipitation events, which lasted more than 10 h, sustained by atmospheric river-like circulation patterns. The long duration-accumulated precipitation extremes also increase with temperature at a rate considerably above the C-C rate at higher temperatures. Our result suggests that long-lasting precipitation events respond more to warming compared with short-duration events. This greatly increases the risks of future floods and landslides in the mid-latitude coastal regions.

根据热力学克劳修斯－克拉珀龙（CC）关系，预计极端降水的强度会随着气温的升高而增加。在过去的十年中，观测研究成功地证明了极端降水和温度之间的比例关系，以了解预计的变化。在中纬度沿海地区，强烈的降水受到天气模式的强烈影响，一个特殊的特征是由大量的水分输送带动的持久的强降水。但是，天气模式对比例关系的影响仍不清楚。在这里，我们使用日本的长期历史记录进行了基于事件的分析，以区分不同天气模式造成的极端降水。我们发现，在持续的降水事件中，事件峰值强度急剧增加，持续了超过10小时，并由类似河流的大气环流模式所维持。随着温度的升高，长时间累积的降水极端值也会随着温度的升高而增加，而在更高的温度下，其速率远高于CC速率。我们的结果表明，与短时事件相比，持久的降水事件对变暖的响应更大。这大大增加了中纬度沿海地区未来发生洪水和山体滑坡的风险。我们的结果表明，与短时事件相比，持久的降水事件对变暖的响应更大。这大大增加了中纬度沿海地区未来发生洪水和山体滑坡的风险。我们的结果表明，与短时事件相比，持久的降水事件对变暖的响应更大。这大大增加了中纬度沿海地区未来发生洪水和山体滑坡的风险。