Harnessing nature-based climate solutions (NbCS) to help simultaneously achieve climate and conservation goals is an attractive win-win. The contribution of NbCS to climate action relies on both biogeochemical potential and the ability to overcome environmental, economic and governance constraints for implementation. As such, estimates of additional NbCS-related terrestrial biosphere storage potential range from less than 100 GtCO₂ to more than 800 GtCO₂. In this Review, we assess the negative emissions contributions of NbCS — including reforestation, improved forest management and soil carbon sequestration — alongside their environmental, social and governance constraints. Given near-term implementation challenges and long-term biogeochemical constraints, a reasonable value for the expected impact of NbCS is up to 100–200 GtCO₂ in negative emissions for the remainder of the twenty-first century. To sustainably reach this level, focus should be on projects with clear co-benefits, and must not come at the expense of a reduction in emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, rapid decarbonization and innovation from alternative negative emissions technologies.

利用基于自然的气候解决方案（NbCS）来帮助同时实现气候和保护目标是一个有吸引力的双赢。NbCS对气候行动的贡献既取决于生物地球化学的潜力，也取决于克服环境，经济和治理方面的限制的能力。这样，与NbCS相关的陆地生物圈的额外存储潜力的估计范围从小于100 GtCO ₂到大于800 GtCO ₂。在这篇评论中，我们评估了NbCS的负排放贡献，包括重新造林，改善的森林管理和土壤碳固存，以及它们的环境，社会和治理约束。考虑到近期的实施挑战和长期的生物地球化学限制，在二十一世纪的剩余时间内，NbCS预期影响的负值的合理值最高为100-200 GtCO ₂。为了可持续地达到这一水平，重点应该放在具有明显共同利益的项目上，并且绝不能以减少毁林和森林退化，快速脱碳以及替代性负排放技术带来的排放为代价。